中国式现代化进程中的基本养老服务制度:生发逻辑、概念厘清与体系建构

Basic Elderly Care Service in the Process of Chinese Modernization:Logic of Development,Concept Clarification,and System Construction

建立基本养老服务制度是实现中国式现代化的题中应有之义。必须准确界定“基本养老服务制度”的概念内核,明确其对象普遍性、内容基础性、水平基准性之“基本”特性、“养老”之目标指向、“制度”之架构定位,厘清基本养老服务与养老服务、公共养老服务、基本公共服务等相近概念之学理边界,概括其全面覆盖、内涵丰富,政府主导、多元协同,需求导向、分层分类,统筹协调、融合发展,动态调整、逐步完善之典型特征,并注意法律法规针对性、管理机构整合性、设施建设全域性、服务内容层次性、供给主体多元性、需求评估精准性、人才培养系统性、资金保障多维性、运行机制流畅性、标准体系科学性,方能实现基本养老服务人人可及。

Establishing a basic elderly care service system is a fundamental component of achieving Chinese-style modernization.It is essential to clearly define the core concept of the"basic elderly care service system,"elucidating its universality in target beneficiaries,foundational content,benchmark standards,the goal-oriented nature of"elderly care,"and the structural positioning of the"system."Furthermore,it is crucial to distinguish basic elderly care services from related concepts such as general elderly care services,public elderly care services,and basic public services.The system's key characteristics include comprehensive coverage,substantive connotation,government leadership with multi-stakeholder collaboration,demand orientation with stratified categorization,coordinated development,dynamic adjustment,and gradual improvement.To ensure universal accessibility to basic elderly care services,the following elements require attention:the specifi city of laws and regulations,the integration of management institutions,the comprehensiveness of facilities,the hierarchical structuring of services,the diversity of supply entities,the accuracy of demand assessments,the systematic approach to human resource cultivation,the multi-source nature of funding,the effi ciency of operational mechanisms,and the scientifi c rigor of the standard system.