老龄保障政策的概念建构与内在逻辑——兼论面向中国式现代化的老龄保障政策发展路径

The Conceptual Construction and Inner Logic of Elderly Protection Policies:Development Path of Elderly Protection Policies Towards Chinese-Style Modernization

19世纪以来现代化进程中的老龄化问题,催生了老龄保障政策建立。老龄保障政策既应对了老龄化问题,同时又建构了老龄概念。按照剩余型、工作能力-成绩型和制度性再分配型社会保障政策的类型划分,可以发现不同政策类型分别对老龄进行了不同的概念建构,体现出多样性的内在逻辑。据此可归纳为老龄保障政策的三张老人面孔,包括:经济市场主义逻辑下的弱者面孔,生产工业主义逻辑下的退休者面孔,政治民主主义逻辑下的投票者面孔。面向中国式现代化,自主性发展内涵可以使我国老龄保障政策超越西方现代化条件下的政策逻辑,走面向全体人民、以主动参与和社会融合为内涵、以需求为导向、以家庭为依托的老龄保障政策发展路径。

Since the 19th century,the challenges posed by ageing in the process of modernization have driven the establishment of elderly care policies.These policies not only address ageing issues but also contribute to the conceptualization of ageing itself.By categorizing social security policies into residual,industrial achievement performance,and institutional redistributive types,it becomes clear that diff erent policy types construct distinct concepts of ageing,refl ecting diverse internal logics regarding who the elderly are and how they should be treated.From this perspective,elderly care policies can be seen to present three"faces of the elderly":the vulnerable face under the logic of market economy,the retiree face under the logic of industrial protectionism,and the voter face under the logic of political democracy.In the context of Chinese-style modernization,the connotation of autonomous development enables China's elderly care policy to transcend the policy logic of Western modernization.Instead,it adopts a development path that serves the entire population,emphasizes active participation and social integration,is needs-oriented,and is based on family support.