生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化体重金属稳定化试验研究

Experimental Study on Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Solidified Body of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰直接填埋具有较大的环境污染问题。本文对某生活垃圾焚烧厂的飞灰重金属含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)进行定量分析,发现铅、铬、镉等物质含量超出《生活垃圾焚烧飞灰污染控制技术规范(试行)》(HJ1134-2020)中规定的限值;本文选用水泥固化技术,利用垃圾焚烧飞灰掺入普通硅酸盐水泥制备水泥固化体,采用醋酸和去离子水配置pH为(2.64±0.05)的浸提液,研究了飞灰掺入量(20%、30%、40%、50%、60%与70%)的飞灰固化体进行浸出实验。实验表明,当飞灰掺入量在50%以下时,飞灰固化体浸出液中所测定的所有重金属均可达到国家标准中规定的限值。

The direct landfill of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash has significant environmental pollution problems.The content of fly ash heavy metals in a domestic waste incineration plant was quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer(ICP-OES),and it was found that the content of lead,chromium,cadmium and other substances exceeded the limit stipulated in the Technical Specification for the Control of Flying Ash Pollution Control of Domestic Waste Incineration(Trial)(HJ1134-2020).The cement solidification technology,waste incineration fly ash mixed with ordinary Portland cement were used to prepare cement solidified body.Acetic acid and deionized water were used to prepare a leaching solution with a pH of(2.64±0.05).The amount of fly ash mixed(20%,30%,40%,50%,60%and 70%)was studied to leach the solidified form of fly ash.The experiment showed that when the content of fly ash was less than 50%,all the heavy metals determined in the leach solution of solidified fly ash could reach the limit value specified in national standard.