日韩渔业之战:“李承晚线”问题新探——以《朝日新闻》为中心

The Japan-Korean Battle over Fisheries:Rethinking Syngman Rhee Line through Reports of The Asahi Shimbun

为实现公海捕鱼自由,1951年12月,日本与美国、加拿大签署了《日美加三国渔业协定》,作为应对,时任韩国总统李承晚单方面发布“对邻接海洋的主权宣言”(所设界线称“和平线”,日本称“李承晚线”),宣布对大陆架资源行使主权,引起日本强烈抗议。日方援引《杜鲁门宣言》等,阐述“李承晚线”的非法性,坚决要求撤线;而韩国不断拘捕越线渔船,态度强硬。李线的设立,引发“大邦丸事件”等持续不断的渔业冲突,成为阻碍日韩会谈和两国邦交正常化的一大障碍。为解决该问题,双方经过长期谈判、博弈,以至妥协,最终才达成撤线协议。“李承晚线”问题是第二次世界大战后各国海洋争端的一个缩影,折射出《杜鲁门宣言》对世界海洋秩序与格局的深刻影响。

The present paper,reconstructing the history,in which Lee Seung-man,who was then the ROK's President and inspired by a fishery agreement involving Japan,the U.S.and Canada,unilaterally declared sovereignty over neighboring seas,the Japanese government strongly opposed the line attributed to Lee,and ROK kept detaining Japanese boats crossing the line,points out that the Line seriously impeded the normalization of Japan-South Korean relation and indicated how the Truman Declaration impacted the global maritime order and pattern.