海势东迁与明代淮安濒海区域农业化推展

The Eastward Growth of Seabeach and Development of Regional Agriculture in Huai'an Prefecture in Ming

万历初期“蓄水保漕”的高家堰建成后,海势东迁加速,淮安地区承受了保漕大政影响下荡地迅速扩大的自然变迁。荡地植草本是煮盐行业链条的一环,出于维持两淮盐政的目的,朝廷推行限制荡地开垦的政策。但新生成的广袤土地在改变灶丁生计的同时,更吸引了大量具有农耕技术的移民,加上地方官员管控的相对松弛,灶丁、民人及士绅等多主体垦荡为田的趋势一直无法得到有效的遏止,其间各方力量的博弈呈现出盐政和荡地开垦之界的进退,折射出地方社会治理与朝廷政策之间的互动与扞格。随着地方官员通过立碑的形式对荡地垦辟予以保障,标志着淮安府濒海区域盐退农进的民众生计模式转变日益得到官方认可。

The present paper,reconstructing the history,in which a growing number of residents in the coastal area of Huai'an started to farm in new pieces of seabeach attributed to central government of Ming's policy protecting the water transport of grain,contends that this change was actually an embodiment of the interaction and contradiction between the central policy and local development and marked a successful regional economic transformation from salt production to regular agriculture.