北宋宦官班位

A Study of Rank System of Eunuch in the North Song Dynasty

宦官是宋代重要的政治群体之一,兼具官僚与宫廷奴仆两重属性,决定宦官班位的官职,是入杂压的内殿崇班以上武阶、班官、内侍两省都知与押班。真宗以前优先阶官。仁宗时,增加职任因素,都知、押班集中以升比班次的方式影响班位。然而,宋廷对宦官与文、武不同群体序位时运用这一手段,态度不一:对前者加以防范,对后者态度宽容。研究揭示,相比宦官与武选官区隔的弱化,官僚属性增强,宦官与文官的身份鸿沟反而日益加深,奴仆属性显露。正源于此,王守忠得到“如正任班”礼遇,想比肩士大夫,赴宴坐殿上,遭到群臣的普遍抵制。北宋元丰以后,兼有阶官与职任两方面影响,都知、押班正式入杂压,形成中卫大夫以上序官、拱卫大夫以下序职的新局面。

The present paper,dichotomizing eunuch's ranks into two systems based on grades and expedient work respectively and reconstructing related changes taking place in two successive reigns from Emperor Zhenzong to Emperor Renzong,observes that the gap between eunuchs and civil officials increased with each passing day,which was embodied in the ministers'boycotting the invitation of Wang Shouzhong,a leading eunuch,to the feast held at the imperial court.