论数据财产权的客体及其规范意义

The Object of the Property Right in Data and Its Normative Significance

数据财产权构建中,数据财产权客体的独立地位尚未得到充分证明,客体的界定及其规范意义有待揭示。数据财产权客体是以数字化形式、聚合形态存在的,以产出有用信息为基本价值实现方式的数据财产,其具有形式规定性和内容非限定性特征。数据的形式要素居于决定地位,符号控制是确定数据财产权客体边界、排他保护范围的核心依据,亦是数据财产权的核心内容。数据财产与有体物存在“无形性抑或有形性”“非竞争性抑或竞争性”的区分;与知识财产存在“形式规定性抑或形式非限定性”“内容非限定性抑或内容规定性”“形式要素居于决定地位抑或内容要素居于决定地位”的区分。基于与有体物的区别,数据财产权在规范目标、数据持有、权利效力、数据添附等方面不可照搬物权制度。基于与知识财产的区别,数据财产权在客体认定和权利内容设计上应围绕符号控制展开,不应照搬知识产权的内容控制模式。

In the construction of data property rights,the independent status of the object of data property rights has not yet been fully proved.The object of data property right is the data property under identifiable control,existing in digital form and aggregated form,and realizing its basic value by producing useful information.The formal elements of the data are decisive,and symbolic control is the core basis for delimiting the boundaries of the object,the establishment and the scope of exclusive protection of the data property right.The difference between data property and physical object is mainly"intangible or tangible","non-competitive or competitive".The difference between data property and intellectual property is mainly"form-prescriptive or form-unqualified","content-unqualified or content-prescriptive",and"form element is decisive or content element is decisive".Based on the difference between data and physical objects,data property rights should not be copied from the property rights system in terms of holding issues,effectiveness of data property rights and data attachment.Based on the difference between data and intellectual property,data property rights should be centered on symbolic control in the identification of objects and the design of rights content,and should not be copied from the content control model of intellectual property rights.