县域城乡建设用地市场融合模式及分异机制——基于浙江省德清县与广东省南海区的案例比较分析

Urban-rural Construction Land Market Integration Models and Differentiation Mechanisms at the County Level:A Comparative Case Study of Deqing County,Zhejiang Province and Nanhai District,Guangdong Province

城乡建设用地市场融合是深化土地要素市场化配置和实现共同富裕的关键抓手。为深度剖析城乡建设用地市场融合的典型模式并深入阐释其分异机制,本文通过构建“产权-结构-行为-绩效”分析框架,对浙江省德清县与广东省南海区两地的城乡建设用地市场融合实践进行了比较分析。研究表明:城乡建设用地市场融合是综合了集体土地产权秩序演化和城乡建设用地市场结构转型的复杂过程。地方政府与农村集体作为产权主体与市场主体,是连接产权秩序演化和市场结构转型两项进程的关键中介,二者在制度试点与市场实践中的权力博弈,塑造了现实中紊态的产权秩序。基于产权秩序的市场结构、主体关系以及地方政府与农村集体在市场绩效目标上的激励相容度,决定了城乡建设用地市场在从完全垄断向垄断竞争转型的过程中面临互补型竞争或替代型竞争。在秩序演化与市场竞争的共同作用下,城乡建设用地市场融合模式分化为互补型与竞争型两种类型。进一步,基于土地制度改革背景与动态市场环境,上述模式之间也存在转化空间。未来,城乡建设用地市场融合模式的选择应综合考虑区域产权秩序与市场结构,市场建设应充分整合政府统筹调控与村庄自主治理的优势,具体交易规则的制定也需考虑既有社会规范的约束。

The integration of urban and rural construction land markets is a key approach to deepening the market-oriented allocation of land elements and achieving shared prosperity.To analyze the typical models of current urban-rural construction land market integration and explain their differentiation mechanisms in depth,this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the integration practices in Deqing County,Zhejiang Province and Nanhai District,Guangdong Province based on the analytical framework of"Property Rights Order-Structure-Conduct-Performance"The findings indicate that the integration of urban and rural construction land markets is a complex process that combines the evolution of collective land property rights orders and the transformation of urban-rural construction land market structures.Local governments and village collectives,as both property rights holders and market entities,serve as key intermediaries linking the two processes of property rights order evolution and market structure transformation.The game of power between these two parties in policy experimentation and market practices has shaped the current chaotic property rights order in reality.The market structure and stakeholder relationships based on property rights orders,together with the incentive compatibility between local governments and village collectives regarding market performance goals,determine whether the urban-rural construction land markets face complementary or substitutive competition in their transition from complete monopoly to monopolistic competition.Under the combined effect of property rights order evolution and market competition,the integration models of urban-rural construction land markets have differentiated into two types:complementary and competitive.Furthermore,in the context of land system reform and the dynamic market environment,there exists potential for transformation between these models.In the future,the selection of urban-rural construction land market integration models should comprehensively consider regional property rights orders and market structures;market development should fully integrate the advantages of govermment coordination and village autonomy.Additionally,the formulation of specific transaction rules is expected to consider the constraints of existing social norms.