“掉队”或“跟上”:国家专项学生非学业适应发展追踪研究

“Drop Out”or“Keep Up”:A Longitudinal Study on the Non-Academic Adaptation of Students from National Special Plan

国家专项计划是我国重点高校面向贫困地区实施的重大倾斜性招生举措。为探究国家专项学生入学后第一年的非学业适应情况,基于错配假说、文化再生产与抗逆力等理论,使用某顶尖“双一流”建设高校学生追踪调查数据,采用增值评价的框架进行分析。发现在进入大学初期,国家专项学生的心理适应和经济消费适应存在劣势。在大一学年中,国家专项学生心理适应的增值显著,到大一学年末,与非国家专项学生并无显著差异,但经济消费适应劣势在大一期间一直持续;进一步分析发现,在各类院校支持活动中,国家专项学生大一期间更多地参与了“人际交往及适应方面的课程或指导”,且该活动与国家专项学生的心理适应存在显著相关性。据此为国家专项学生的非学业适应发展提供了相关建议。

The National Special Plan is a major preferential admission measure implemented by key universities in China towards underdeveloped areas.In order to explore the non-academic adaptation of National Special Plan students in their first year after enrollment,based on the theory of mismatch hypothesis,cultural reproduction and resilience theories,this study uses longitudinal survey data from a“Double First-Class”university,and employs a framework of value-added assessment.It is found that at the initial stage of entering the university,the students from National Special Plan have a disadvantage in terms of psychological adaptation and economic consumption adaptation.During the freshman year,the value-added of psychological adaptation is significant,and by the end of the freshman year,there is no significant difference between two types of students,but the disadvantage of economic consumption adaptation persists throughout the freshman year.Further analysis shows that among all kinds of department support activities,National Special Plan students are more involved in“courses or guidance on interpersonal communication and adaptation”during their freshman year,and there is a significant correlation between this activity and psychological adaptation of National Special Plan students.Moreover,these results provide relevant suggestions for the non-academic adaptation of students from National Special Plan.