虚拟现实技术在神经运动康复中的应用综述

Review of the Application of Virtual Reality in Neuromotor Rehabilitation

作为典型的医工交叉应用,基于虚拟现实(VR)的运动康复技术研究近年来获得了越来越多学者的关注.通过对近年来相关研究工作的梳理总结,首先分析了VR技术改善运动神经功能的3个出发点:一是利用VR优化运动想象效果,二是虚拟环境可提供重复性任务训练,三是虚拟学习任务向现实世界中的迁移.随后,总结了设计虚拟康复环境时所需考虑的3个核心要素:运动的可视化呈现、即时的行为反馈机制和丰富的上下文信息.接着,回顾了虚拟现实在脑卒中及脊髓损伤等神经损伤康复中的最新应用进展,展示了VR康复技术的临床潜力和初步成效.最后,归纳总结了虚拟现实在神经康复应用中面临的核心问题:深入理解VR中各种感官信息在产生神经过程中的关键影响机制,是充分发掘VR技术应用潜力的关键所在.综述旨在为虚拟现实在神经运动康复领域的临床应用与实验研究提供理论支撑与技术参考.

As a typical cross-application between medicine and industry,the study of motion rehabilitation technology based on virtual reality(VR)has attracted more and more scholars’attention recently.Based on the review of relevant research work,this paper firstly analyzes three starting points for VR technology to improve motor nerve function:first,VR is used to optimize the motor imagination effect;second,virtual environment can provide repetitive task training;third,virtual learning tasks are transferred to the real envi-ronment.Then,it summarizes three core elements that should be considered when designing virtual reha-bilitation environment:visual presentation of movement,immediate behavioral feedback mechanism,and rich contextual information.The latest applications of VR in the rehabilitation of neurological injuries such as stroke and spinal cord injury are then reviewed,and the clinical potential and initial results of VR reha-bilitation technology were demonstrated.Finally,the core problems faced by VR of neurological rehabilita-tion are summarized:In-depth understanding of the key influence mechanism of various sensory information in VR in the neural process is the key to fully explore the potential of VR technology.The purpose of this review is to provide theoretical support and technical reference for the clinical application and research of VR in the field of neurorehabilitation.