动机式会谈在提升农村留守老人主动健康素养中的应用研究

Application of Motivational Interviewing in Improving the Proactive Health Literacy of Rural Left-behind Older Adults

随着人口老龄化和农村空心化程度日益加深,我国农村留守老人主动健康问题日益凸显,这一困境不仅源于生理老化,还受到社会文化、社区环境和家庭关系等因素的影响。本文基于对5个省份共25名农村留守老人的个案干预,探讨动机式会谈作为社会工作实践策略在促进农村留守老人健康素养提升中的作用机制和干预步骤。动机式会谈具有促进农村留守老人健康行为改变的潜力,通过动机激发、行动促发、行动维持以及能力提升等四个核心步骤,帮助农村留守老人从理解认知复杂性到强化积极情感,再到提升自我效能和主动健康素养。动机式会谈的最终目标是激发老人内在的改变欲望,推动他们积极参与健康管理,进而提升生活质量。社会工作者通过强调主动健康的重要性,可以在老年人群体中培养自我管理能力和内在健康动机,以促进其健康行为的改善和整体福祉的提升。

With the aging of the population and the continuous development of rural hollowing out,the health problems of China’s rural left-behind elderly are becoming increasingly prominent.This dilemma arises not only from physiological aging but also from socio-cultural factors,community environment,and family relationships.Based on an intervention with 25 rural left-behind elderly individuals across five different provinces,this study explores the mechanism and practical effects of motivational interviewing(MI)on promoting proactive health literacy among the elderly through an action research method.The study found that MI has significant potential to facilitate health behavior changes in the rural left-behind elderly population.It helps their transition from understanding cognitive complexities to reinforcing positive emotions,improving self-efficacy,and actively reflecting on their health behaviors through the four core steps:motivation,initiation,maintenance,and competence enhancement.The ultimate goal of MI is to stimulate the elderly’s intrinsic desire for change and encourage their active participation in health management,thereby improving their quality of life.By emphasizing the importance of proactive health literacy,social workers can foster self-management and intrinsic motivation among the elderly,promoting better health behaviors and overall well-being.