失业风险感知对青年阶层地位认同的影响——基于相对剥夺感和社会支持的视角

The Impact of Perceived Unemployment Risk on Class Status Identity among Youth:Based on Perspectives of the Relative Deprivation and Social Support

青年的阶层地位认同是衡量社会结构开放性的重要指标,而较低的阶层地位认同会加剧经济社会运行的风险。利用“中国社会状况综合调查”数据研究发现,2013—2021年,青年的阶层地位认同呈现“下降—上升—下降”的波动趋势,具有强失业风险感知的青年的阶层地位认同始终低于具有弱失业风险感知的青年;失业风险感知会诱发青年的相对剥夺感,进而降低其阶层地位认同;以社会保障为代表的正式社会支持可以显著缓解失业风险感知对青年阶层地位认同的抑制效应;失业风险感知对风险抵御能力弱的青年的阶层地位认同具有更强的抑制效应。本研究对于决策部门提升青年的阶层地位认同具有政策启示意义。

The class identity of youth is an important indicator of the openness of the social structure,and a lower class identity increases the risk of economy and social operation.Using data from the China Social Survey,this study finds that from 2013 to 2021,the class identity of young people shows a fluctuating trend of“falling-rising-falling”.Moreover,the class status identity of youth with strong unemployment risk perception is always lower than that of youth with weak unemployment risk perception.Unemployment risk perception induces the relative deprivation of youth,which in turn reduces their class status identity.Formal social support represented by social security can significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of unemployment risk perception on youth class status identity.Risk perception has a stronger inhibitory effect on the class status identity of youth with weak risk resistance.This study has policy implications for decision-makers to enhance the class status identity of youth.