马边大风顶自然保护区放牧对食肉目群落的影响

Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Carnivore Communities in the Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve

近30年来,畜牧业的迅猛发展造成在诸多自然保护地内普遍出现放牧活动,对野生动植物资源造成了严重的影响。食肉目Carnivore动物作为生态系统中的重要组成部分,放牧对其空间分布及日活动节律的影响程度值得关注。2021年5月—2023年5月,在马边大风顶自然保护区共布设了153台红外相机,记录到7科12种食肉目动物,分析其在放牧干扰下的物种相对丰富度指数(RAI)、空间分布和日活动节律。结果显示:12种食肉目动物在放牧区域的RAI为5.17,非放牧区域的为3.17;在放牧和非放牧区域,出现率最高的均为黄喉貂Martes flavigula,最低的分别为黄腹鼬Mustela kathiah和大灵猫Viverra zibetha;食肉目动物在非放牧区域的分布趋于分散且范围较广;猪獾Arctonyx collaris和黄喉貂在两区域的日活动节律差异显著;而中华小熊猫Ailurus styani和黄鼬Mustela sibirica在两区域的日活动节律无显著差异。这表明放牧活动在一定程度上影响了食肉目动物的相对丰富度、空间分布和日活动节律,且不同动物对放牧活动的行为响应存在差异,管理部门应对保护区内的放牧实施有针对性的管理措施。

In the past 30 years,animal husbandry has developed rapidly around the world,and grazing activities are com-mon in many nature reserves,causing serious impacts on wildlife resources.As an important part of the ecosystem,the in-fluence of grazing on the spatial distribution and daily activity rhythms of carnivores is of concern.From May 2021 to May 2023,153 infrared cameras were deployed in the Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve,recording 12 species of carnivores from 7 families.The relative species abundance index(RAI),spatial distribution and daily activity rhythms of carnivores in the presence of grazing disturbance were analyzed.The results showed that RAI of the 12 species of carnivores was 5.17 in the grazed area and 3.17 in the non-grazed area.The yellow-throated marten(Martes flavigula)had the highest occur-rence rate in the grazed area and the non-grazed area,while the yellow-bellied weasel(Mustela kathiah)and the large In-dian civet(Viverra zibetha)had the lowest occurrence rates in the two areas.The distribution of carnivores in the non-grazed area was also very low.The distribution of carnivores in the non-grazed areas tended to be more dispersed and wide-ranging.Significantly different daily activity rhythms of hog badger(Arctonyx collaris)and M.flavigula were detected be-tween grazed and non-grazed areas,while the daily activity rhythms of Chinese red panda(Ailurus styani)and siberian wea-sel(Mustela sibirica)between the two areas were not significantly different.This study suggests that the relative abun-dance,spatial distribution and activity patterns of carnivores can be influenced by grazing activities to a certain extent,and the behavioural responses are varied among different animals.It is recommended that management departments should implement targeted measures for grazing in protected areas.