知识产权视角下商业数据新型财产权之证成

New Property Rights in Business Data from the Perspective of Intellectual Property

数据是当今世界第五大生产要素,具有经济价值的商业数据确权成为学界争议的热点。虽然相关政策文件确认了数据权益,但对于数据权益的属性问题并没有作出正面回应。数据不满足有体性,故不属于《民法典》规定的物,数据权益不具有天然的排他性,且数据法秉持的理念为共享共用、促进流通,与物权法的理念相异,原则上传统物权法规范不能适用于数据权益。司法实践中商业数据无法完美纳入知识产权权利客体,但是商业数据与知识产权客体具有诸多相似性。因此,应当在知识产权视角下将商业数据权益定性为新型财产权,以更好地保护商业数据的商业价值。

Data is the fifth largest productive factor in the world today,and confirming the ownership of data,especially commercial data with economic value,has become a controversial topic in academia.Although relevant policy documents and local legislation have confirmed data rights,there has been no positive response regarding the attributes of data rights.The data does not meet the requirements of specificity and therefore does not fall under the provisions of the Civil Code,and data rights do not have natural exclusivity.The concept upheld by data law is sharing and promoting circulation,which is different from the concept of property law.Therefore,in principle,traditional property law cannot be applied to data rights.Although commercial data cannot be perfectly incorporated into the object of intellectual property rights in practice,there are many similarities between commercial data rights and intellectual property rights,both of which have property attributes.Therefore,commercial data rights should be classified as new property rights from the perspective of intellectual property,providing new directions for better protection of commercial data.