搭载实践十号卫星的不同小麦品种突变体鉴定与分析

Identification and Analysis of Mutants in Different Wheat Varieties Carried by the SJ-10 Satellite

为探讨卫星搭载对小麦农艺性状、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和分子水平变异的影响,本研究利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术、简单重复序列(SSR)标记技术对实践十号返回式科学实验卫星搭载周麦18、周麦22和汶农14小麦品种干种子的SP3代农艺性状变异和SP5代突变系的HMW-GS和SSR分子标记多态性进行鉴定与分析。结果发现,航天诱变SP3代农艺性状与其野生型存在明显差异,且不同小麦品种对太空环境的敏感性不同。航天搭载能够诱发高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和基因组DNA发生变异,发现3个小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的变异频率分别为2.15%、3.66%和5.21%,其中汶农14突变体HMW-GS亚基变异频率最高。21个SSR分子标记检测结果显示,周麦18和周麦22的航天诱变突变体与其野生型差异标记数量均不超过2个,而汶农14航天诱变的部分突变体与其野生型间差异标记数量较多,且株高和穗型等性状发生了遗传分离。综上,航天诱变使小麦基因组和蛋白组发生变异,所创制的优异特色突变体可为小麦育种的遗传改良和功能基因的研究利用提供丰富的材料基础。

In order to explore the effects of satellite carrying on the agronomic traits of wheat,high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS)and molecular level variations,the SP3 agronomic traits variation of Zhoumai 18,Zhoumai 22 and Wennong 14 dry seeds carried by the SJ-10 satellite were examined,and SDSPAGE technology and simple sequence repeat(SSR)molecular marker technology were used to identify and analyze the polymorphism of HMW-GS and SSR molecular markers in the SP5 mutant lines.The results showed that there were significant differences in the agronomic traits between the SP3 generation and its wild type,and different wheat varieties had different sensitivities to the space environment.Space flight generated variations in HMW-GS and genomic DNA.The mutation frequencies of HMW-GS in three wheat varieties were 2.15%,3.66%and 5.21%,respectively,with Wennong 14 having the highest mutation frequency.Polymorphic detection of 21 SSR molecular markers showed that the number of differential markers between the space-induced mutants of Zhoumai 18 and Zhoumai 22 and their wild-type was less than 2,whereas the number of differential markers between the space-induced mutants of Wennong 14 and their wild-type was greater,and the traits such as plant height and panicle type were genetically distinct.In summary,space mutation can induce variations in wheat genome and proteome,and the excellent mutants obtained can serve as valuable resources for the genetic improvement of wheat and for the research and utilization of functional genes.