真菌毒素降解酶及其结构和功能研究进展

Advances in Mycotoxin-Degrading Enzymes:Structure and Function

真菌毒素作为真菌次级代谢产生的一类化合物,其化学结构稳定并可在食物链中积累,严重威胁人类和禽畜健康并造成重大经济损失。生物酶降解法因安全性高、环境友好等优点而在真菌毒素脱毒方面展现出极大的应用前景。本文系统总结黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、赭曲霉毒素和伏马菌素等常见真菌毒素降解酶的挖掘和功能分析,重点关注利用X射线晶体学等方法解析降解酶三维结构、揭示其催化机制的研究进展,并比较分析计算方法预测的结合口袋与试验确定的活性中心;阐述基于蛋白质结构的理性设计策略在真菌毒素降解酶改造中的应用,并讨论利用计算生物学方法预测蛋白质结构和功能、解析酶的作用机制并指导降解酶设计的潜力。本文可为解决食品和饲料中的真菌毒素污染问题提供新思路。

As the secondary metabolites produced by fungi,mycotoxins possess stable chemical structures and can accumulate in the food chain.Mycotoxins pose severe threats to human and animal health causing significant economic losses.The biodegradation method using enzyme has shown great potential in detoxifying mycotoxins due to high safety and environmental friendliness.This review systematically summarized the discovery and functional analysis of degradation enzymes against major mycotoxins,including aflatoxins,zearalenone,trichothecenes,ochratoxin A,and fumonisins.We focued on the progress made in elucidating the three-dimensional structures of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes using X-ray crystallography and others methods,revealing their catalytic mechanisms.The computationally predicted binding pockets and the experimentally determined active sites were compared.Moreover,we elaborated on applying rational design strategies based on protein structures in modifying mycotoxin-degrading enzymes.The immense potential of using computational biology to predict protein structures and functions,elucidate enzyme mechanisms,and guide the design of degradation enzymes were also discussed.This review provided new perspectives for tackling mycotoxin contamination in food and feed.