嫁接对瓠瓜抗病抗逆性及果实品质的影响

Effects of Grafting on Disease/Stress Resistance and Fruit Qualityin Bottle Gourd

为探究嫁接对瓠瓜抗病抗逆性和果实品质的影响,以瓠瓜自根苗为对照,比较4种南瓜型砧木(全能铁甲、思壮12、砧西316、黑武士)嫁接浙蒲9号瓠瓜的成活率、枯萎病抗性、低温弱光性及耐盐性、果实品质等差异,并通过主成分分析及隶属函数法对不同嫁接组合进行综合评价。结果表明,浙蒲9号/思壮12嫁接组合的成活率最高(94.87%),不同砧穗组合枯萎病抗性均较对照增强。浙蒲9号/思壮12在低温弱光下的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)最高,在200 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下生长较好。与自根苗相比,嫁接植株长势均变旺,果实的维生素C含量降低,其他指标均有不同程度的提升。浙蒲9号/全能铁甲的果实可溶性固形物含量最高,浙蒲9号/砧西316的果实钙含量最高,浙蒲9号/黑武士的果实蛋白质和镁含量最高。浙蒲9号/思壮12的产量、果实游离谷氨酸和钾含量最高,硬度和可滴定酸含量最小,瓠瓜品质有所提升。同时,主成分分析和隶属函数值综合评价结果表明,浙蒲9号/思壮12的D值为0.914,排名第一。综上,嫁接可以增强瓠瓜枯萎病抗性,不同程度提高瓠瓜的低温、盐胁迫耐受性,合理选择砧木可提高瓠瓜果实品质,以思壮12为砧木嫁接浙蒲9号瓠瓜综合表现最佳。本研究结果为适宜瓠瓜嫁接砧木的选择提供了技术支持。

To explore the grafting effects on disease/stress resistance and fruit quality of bottle gourd,the bottle gourd cultivar Zhepu No.9 was grafted on to four pumpkin rootstocks(Quannengtiejia,Sizhuang 12,Zhenxi 316,Heiwushi).Multiple traits of the different grafting combinations were investigated,including the survival rate,incidence of fusarium wilt,low temperature/light resistance,salt tolerance and fruit quality.The effects were comprehensively evaluated by a principal component analysis and membership function method.The results showed that the survival rate of Zhepu No.9/Sizhuang 12 combination was the highest(94.9%).Compared with control,all the grafting combinations enhanced the resistance to fusarium wilt in bottle gourd.The combination of Zhepu No.9/Sizhuang 12 had the highest maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)under low temperature/light conditions,and showed a better growth under 200 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl stress.Compared with the self-rooted seedlings of bottle gourd,the grafted plants showed more vigorous on plant growth,lower vitamin C content of fruit and various increasing on other traits.Among them,the soluble solids content of Zhepu No.9/Quannengtiejia was the highest,the calcium content of Zhepu No.9/Zhenxi 316 was the highest,and the protein and magnesium content of Zhepu No.9/Heiwushi were the highest.The yield and free glutamic acid and potassium content of Zhepu No.9/Sizhuang 12 were the highest,and the hardness and titratable acid content were the smallest,thus the fruit quality was significantly improved after Sizhuang 12 grafted with Zhepu No.9.The result of principal component analysis and membership function showed the D value of Zhepu No.9/Sizhuang 12 was 0.914,ranking the first.In summary,the grafting increased the fusarium wilt resistance of bottle gourd,and improved the tolerance of low temperature and salt stress.And the fruit quality could be improved using the suitable rootstocks,Zhepu No.9/Sizhuang 12 had the best comprehensive performance.The results of this study provide useful technical supports for the rootstocks selection of bottle gourd grafting.