党参覆膜露头倾斜移栽机的设计与实验

Design and Field Testing of an Tilted Transplanting and Plastic-Film Mulching for Codonopsis Medicinal Plants

针对党参覆膜露头倾斜栽培人工作业效率低、劳动强度大,以及现有平作式移栽机械设备开沟太浅不利于党参根部生长、开沟太深不利于苗头发芽等问题,设计了一种党参覆膜露头倾斜移栽机,确定了旋耕抛土装置、提土装置、履带式输土装置、投苗装置及覆膜装置的结构和工作参数,解析了核心部件的工作原理。运用离散元法对旋耕抛土装置的抛土过程进行了仿真模拟,验证了旋耕抛土的合理性,并完成了样机的制作。根据相关试验标准开展了田间性能试验,田间试验表明,样机在10个测试区测量的栽植深度合格率平均值为89.50%,栽植姿态合格率平均值为84.00%,膜侧露头合格率平均值为90%,栽植株距平均值为4.51 cm,栽植株距变异系数平均值为8.67%,各项试验指标能够达到标准要求,在满足党参种苗倾斜移栽要求的同时能保证了作业质量,从而为党参覆膜露头倾斜栽培模式提供支撑,为探究党参栽植过程提供一定的理论参考。

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high labor intensity in manual cultivation of exposed and inclined cultivation of Codonopsis,such as shallow trenching that is not conducive to root growth and deep trenching that is not conducive to seedling germination,a Codonopsis exposed and inclined transplanting machine was designed.The structure and working parameters of the rotary tillage and soil throwing device,soil lifting device,track type soil conveying device,seedling throwing device,and film covering device were determined,and the working principle of the core components was analyzed.The discrete element method was used to simulate the soil throwing process of the rotary tillage soil throwing device,verifying the rationality of rotary tillage soil throwing and completing the production of the prototype.According to relevant experimental standards,field performance tests were conducted.The field tests showed that the average qualified rate of planting depth measured by the prototype in 10 testing areas was 89.50%, the average qualified rate of planting posture was 84.00%, the average qualified rate of film side outcrop was 90%, the average distance between planting plants was 4.51cm, and the average coefficient of variation of planting plant distance was 8.67%. All experimental indicators met the standard requirements, and while meeting the requirements for oblique transplanting of Codonopsis seedlings, the quality of the operation was ensured. This provides support for the cultivation mode of Codonopsis with film covering and exposed head, and provides a certain theoretical reference for exploring the process of Codonopsis planting.