KANO-FBS模型下的煤矿用自救器用户需求研究

Research on the user requirements of self-rescuers for coal mines under the KANO-FBS model

为有效评价矿工对自救器的满意度,设计符合矿工需求的自救器,提出一种以用户需求为导向的产品设计流程,改进煤矿用自救器的开发过程。首先对煤矿用自救器用户需求展开调研,通过KJ法构建用户需求体系,其次利用KANO模型量化用户需求并结合敏感度排序明确设计目标,构建KANO模型下的需求要素与FBS功能要素转化,经过FBS模型的映射转化,确定煤矿用自救器产品设计所需的结构,最后完成自救器在使用方式和信息识别上的设计优化。结果表明:煤矿用自救器用户需求指标体系中操作便捷、安全供氧及故障反馈是目前亟待改进的需求,需求敏感度分别达到1.071、0.906、0.866;设计后的煤矿用自救器经过平均操作用时测试对比,发现其使用效率高于现有产品,模糊综合评价法验证得出设计后的煤矿用自救器用户满意度较高。该研究有效解决了煤矿用自救器现有产品操作不便、日常维护困难等问题,验证了KANO-FBS模型的有效性和指导价值,为未来煤矿用自救器设计与优化提供参考。

To effectively evaluate miners’satisfaction with the self-rescuer and design a self-rescuer that meets their needs,a user-oriented product design process is proposed to improve the development process.The first step involves conducting a survey to explore the user requirements for the coal mine self-rescuer.The KJ method is then employed to construct a user requirement system.The KANO model is adopted to quantify the user requirements,and the design objectives are determined through sensitivity ranking.The requirement elements under the KANO model and FBS functional elements are converted,and the FBS model is chosen to map and transform the requirements,with a necessary structure established for the design of the coal mine self-rescuer.Finally,the design is optimized in terms of usage and information recognition.The results indicate that the key areas for improvement in the coal mine self-rescuer’s user requirement indicators are ease of operation,safe oxygen supply,and fault feedback,with sensitivity scores of 1.071,0.906,and 0.866,respectively.By average operation time testing,the self-rescuer designed for coal mines showed higher usage efficiency compared to the existing products.The introduction of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method verified the higher user satisfaction with the designed self-rescuer for coal mines.This study effectively addresses such issues as inconvenient operation and difficult daily maintenance of the existing coal mine self-rescuers.Furthermore,it provides valuable insights into the effectiveness and guiding value of the KANO-FBS model,a reference for future design and optimization of coal mine self-rescuers.