近代中国中小学劳动课教师培养的缘起、路径与特色(1904—1949)

Origin,Path and Characteristics of Labor Teacher Cultivation in Primary and Secondary Schools in Modern China(1904-1949)

近代中国劳动课师资的培养既是基于现实之需,也是近代中国劳动教育的发展之要,两者均促成了专业且独立的劳动课师资培养机制的构建。近代中小学的劳动课教师培养是以各级各类师范教育为主体,辅之以各种形式的短期培训班为枝干,两者齐头并进、互为补充。近代对于中小学劳动课教师的培养也进行了多方面的积极探索:开创了专门的师资养成路径;强调理论与实践相结合的培养方式;构建学术性与师范性并重的课程结构;博采众长,组建特色师资队伍;等等。这些都对当下我国劳动教育师资培养具有一定的启示作用。

The cultivation of labor teacher in modern China is based on both practical needs and the development of modern labor education,which have contributed to the construction of professional and independent labor teacher cultivation mechanism.The cultivation in modern primary and secondary schools is based on various levels and types of normal education,supplemented by various forms of short-term training courses.In addition,there have been positive exploration in the cultivation of labor teacher in primary and secondary schools in modern times,such as creating specialized path,emphasizing the combination of theory and practice,constructing curriculum structure that emphasizes both academic and normal aspects,and drawing on the strengths of others to form unique faculty,which has implications for current cultivation in China.