面向违规导出风险的政务数据流通安全治理体系研究

Research on the security governance system for the circulation of government data facing the risk of illegal export

违规导出是政务数据流通过程中面临的重大数据安全风险。从中观实践视角出发,梳理政务数据在政府信息系统中的存储分布情况,归纳了实践中政务数据前台、后台、共享、开放、运营、攻击6种数据导出流通通道,理清应重点关注的前台功能导出、前台接口导出、后台同步导出、后台操作导出、共享数据导出、运营数据导出6种典型的数据流通方式。其次,系统分析了安全合规要求及外部攻击、内部威胁、系统漏洞、合作方泄露等主要威胁的具体表现,进而围绕数据分类分级管控、外包管理与数据使用管理、精细化权限管理、导出规模与异常管控、泄露阻断与溯源管控、数据导出安全审计6个方面给出应对策略。在此基础上,提出一种面向违规导出风险涵盖管理落实、技术防护、运行实施三要素的政务数据流通安全治理体系方案,以高效应对违规导出这一重大风险,为政务数据流通安全治理提供参考。

Unauthorized data export is a significant data security risk in the circulation of government data.From a meso-level practical perspective,this study examines the storage and distribution of government data within government information systems.It identifies six data export and circulation channels in practice:front-end,back-end,sharing,openness,operation,and attack.Furthermore,it clarifies six typical data circulation methods that require special attention:front-end functional export,front-end interface export,back-end synchronized export,back-end operational export,shared data export,and operational data export.In addition,the study systematically analyzes security compliance requirements and the specific manifestations of major threats,including external attacks,internal threats,system vulnerabilities,and data breaches by partners.Based on this analysis,it proposes countermeasures focusing on six aspects:data classification and grading control,outsourcing and data usage management,granular permission management,control over export scale and anomaly detection,leakage prevention and traceback control,and security audits for data exports.Building on these findings,the study introduces a security governance framework for government data circulation,which encompasses three key elements:management implementation,technical protection,and operational execution.The framework effectively mitigates the significant risk posed by unauthorized data exports and provide reference for the security governance of the circulation of government data.