消除全球贫困的理论缺陷与中国经验

Eradicating Global Poverty:Inadequacy of Existing Theories and China's Experience

为实现2030年消除全球贫困的可持续发展目标,需要回答两个问题:欠发达国家应采取何种减贫战略?国际援助方如何改善其对欠发达国家的援助与合作?本文通过理论梳理发现,已有减贫理论对国家自主权以及国家积极角色体现不足,援助理论不仅分歧巨大而且忽视了对受援国减贫战略的嵌入。本文通过对中国减贫经验的再归纳得出理论启示,进而对上述两个待解决的问题进行了回答。一方面,拓展“三支柱”战略,明确积极政府角色定位,建立面向消除贫困目标的“四支柱”战略;另一方面,尊重受援国主体地位,将外部援助有机嵌入受援国自主发展之中,建立嵌入式援助战略。本文结论是,重视中国减贫经验,尊重欠发达国家发展自主性和发挥积极政府角色,按照“四支柱”战略思路建设国家体制和培育国家减贫能力,按照嵌入式援助思路优化减贫国际合作机制。

In order to achieve the sustainable development goal of eradicating extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030,two questions need to be answered:what poverty alleviation strategies should be adopted by less developed countries,and how can aid donors improve their assistance and cooperation modalities for less developed countries?Through theoretical review,this paper finds that existing theories of poverty alleviation do not adequately reflect the autonomy and the active role of the state,and that aid theories are not only highly divergent but also neglect embeddedness in poverty alleviation strategies in recipient countries.A summary of China's experience in poverty alleviation yields theoretical insights and then answers the above two questions.On the one hand,the"three-pillar"strategy should be expanded to a"fourpillar"strategy oriented towards poverty eradication,with a clear delineation of the role of the active government;on the other hand,the autonomy of the recipient countries should be respected,and foreign aid should be embedded in the autonomous development of the recipient countries,so as to establish an embedded aid strategy.The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of focusing on China's experience in poverty alleviation,respecting the development autonomy of less developed countries,playing a role of the active government,establishing national institutions and cultivating poverty alleviation capacity in accordance with the"fourpillar"strategy,and optimizing international cooperation mechanisms for poverty alleviation based on the idea of embedded aid.