基于供需匹配的洞庭湖流域生态系统服务区际协调探究

Inter-regional Coordination of Ecosystem Services in the Dongting Lake Basin Based on Supply-Demand Matching

从流域整体视角出发对洞庭湖流域生态系统服务进行动态评估,分析生态系统服务供需时空演化特征及空间匹配关系,可为洞庭湖流域生态分区管控提供参考依据。以区县级为研究尺度,运用价值量法与土地利用开发指数测算2000、2010和2020年洞庭湖流域生态系统服务供给与需求,将供需划分为5个等级,并运用ArcGIS进行空间叠加分析,确定每个研究区域的生态系统服务供需关系。结果表明:(1)洞庭湖流域生态系统服务供给高值区分布于山地丘陵区,需求高值区则分布于平原、盆地等人口稠密区,供给与需求空间极不匹配,且供给快速减少与需求增长区域高度重合,表明该地生态服务空间逆差持续凸显,急需开展流域内部生态系统服务区际协调管理;(2)生态系统服务匹配类型上主要呈现高供给-低需求、中供给-低需求、低供给-高需求3种类型,说明流域内部具备协调整体生态系统服务供需的基础条件及必要性;(3)将洞庭湖流域划分为生态保育、协调、重构、培育区,继而开展区际协调管理,以期构建上中下游优势互补、协调联动的发展新格局,实现流域生态环境与社会经济协同高质量发展。

In this study,the Dongting Lake basin was selected for study,and we carried out a quantitative assess-ment of ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake basin over 20 years(2000-2020)using the value quantity method.The spatio-temporal evolution and spatial matching of ecosystem service supply and demand were then analyzed from a watershed perspective.Finally,ecological zoning,and coordinated management and control strategies for ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake basin were recommended based on the results.This research was carried out at the scale of district or county,and land use,digital elevation models(DEM),grain,and socio-economic data for 2000,2010 and 2020 were used to calculate the value of ecological services.Five levels of supply-demand matching were devised,and supply-demand relationships of ecological services for each district or county were analyzed using ArcGIS spatial overlays.Results show:(1)The land use types in the Dongting Lake basin included forest,farmland,water,grassland,construction land,and unused land.The ecological service value of the Dongting Lake basin decreased over the period 2000-2020,with a total decrease of 32.757 billion yuan.Forest,farmland and water were the primary providers of ecological services,exceeding 95%of the total value.Spatially,the areas with high ecological service values in the basin were distributed in mountainous and hilly regions,while the high-demand areas were concentrated in the densely populated plains and valleys.There was a significant spatial mismatch between supply and demand,with a high degree of overlap between areas of rapidly decreasing supply and rapidly growing demand.This indicates a continuing and prominent spatial deficit in ecological services in the region,and an urgent need for coordinated management of ecosystem services within the basin.(2)There were three primary ecosystem service matching patterns in the study area:high supply-low demand,medium supply-low demand,and low supply-high demand,again indicating the necessity of coordinating the overall supply and demand of ecosystem services within the watershed.(3)Based on the results summarized above,coordinat-ed,inter-regional management strategies were developed and put forward to establish new development patterns featuring complementary advantages and coordinated linkages among the upstream,midstream,and downstream areas to achieve coordinated,high-quality development of the ecological environment and socio-economy within the basin.