葡萄种质资源果实形状的鉴定评价

Evaluating the Variation of Berry Shapes in Grape Germplasm Resources

为探究不同果形葡萄的种质特点和性状差异,以国家葡萄种质资源圃(郑州)的666份种质资源为材料,对果实的纵径、横径、单粒重和种子粒数等进行统计分析和综合评价,并对果实形状相关基因的表达量进行分析。结果表明,葡萄栽培品种果形类型丰富,可分为圆形、扁圆形、长圆形、近圆形、长椭圆形、椭圆形、倒卵形、卵圆形、弯形、鸡心形和束腰形11种,野生种质果实基本为圆形,仅刺葡萄中有少量椭圆形和鸡心形种质。欧亚种较欧美杂种果形类型更丰富;酿酒葡萄果实主要为圆形和椭圆形,较鲜食葡萄果形类型少。圆形(3.9 g)和鸡心形(3.4 g)葡萄平均单粒重较小,长圆形(6.3 g)和倒卵形(7.1 g)葡萄平均单粒重较大。葡萄单粒重与纵径、横径呈正相关,不同果形葡萄的单粒重与纵径、横径的一元回归方程存在一定差异;葡萄种子数量以2~3粒居多,其中,具有5~6粒种子的种质多为圆形果,无核品种的果实以椭圆形居多。对葡萄果形候选基因进行实时荧光定量分析,发现基因VvFUL1A、VvSUN在长果(长圆形和弯形)与圆果(椭圆形和近圆形)品种中的表达量有显著差异,可能是调控葡萄果形的重要候选基因。本研究为将来葡萄育种工作以及围绕果形开展的研究工作提供了一定参考。

In order to evaluate the variations among different grape varieties with distinct berry shapes,666 grape germplasms were planted in the National Grape Germplasm Repository(Zhengzhou),and the berry shape associated characters were measured.Comprehensive evaluation and statistical analysis were carried out on the phenotypic variation of berry vertical and transverse diameter,individual berry weight and seed number,and the expression levels of genes that related to berry shape were analyzed as well.The analysis showed that,the berry shapes of cultivated varieties could be categorized into 11 types,namely round,obloid,oval shape,nearly round,long oval,broad lipsoid,obovoid,ovoid,curved shape,chicken heart shape and waist shape.In contrast,the berry shape of wild germplasms was mainly round,only a few were identified with broad lipsoid and chicken heart shaped in the species Vitis davidii.The germplasms of V.vinifera L.showed richer diversity on the berry shapes than the V.vinifera×V.labrusca hybrids.Wine grapes are mainly round and oval,with fewer types of the berry shape than table grapes.Statistical analysis of individual berry weight across different berry shapes revealed that the average individual berry weight of round(3.9 g)and chicken heart grape(3.4 g)was lower,and that of oval shape(6.3 g)and obovoid grape(7.1 g)was higher.The individual berry weight was found positively correlated with the vertical diameter and the transverse diameter of the berry,and the regression equations differed across types of berry shape.The number of seeds in single berry ranged from 0 to 6.Among these,grape varieties are most commonly with 2 seeds,followed by 3 seeds.Varieties with 5 or 6 seeds were rare and were predominantly found in round grapes.Quantitative reverse-transcript PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis was performed on those candidate genes of grape berry shape,the expression level of gene VvFUL1A and VvSUN showed significant differences between types of elongated shape(eg.oval and curved)and round shape(eg.broad lipsoid and nearly round),which might be important regulators of the grape berry shape.This study provides references for future grape breeding and fruit shape research.