国内外啤酒大麦品种酿造品质比较分析

Comparative Analysis on Brewing Quality of Domestic and Foreign Malting Barley Varieties

全球不同大麦产区的环境差异以及啤酒大麦育种方向的不同,导致了啤酒大麦酿造品质差异。为比较国内外啤酒大麦的品质差异,本研究对44个来自北美、欧洲、澳洲以及我国的常用啤酒大麦品种进行了酿造品质(包括麦芽品质和籽粒品质)的分析。主要研究结果表明,在麦芽品质方面,国内各大产区主栽品种均有可对标的国外啤酒大麦品种,即东北产区的龙啤麦14和龙啤麦18号的麦芽品质可对标欧洲进口啤酒大麦,南方产区的苏啤系列和西北产区的甘啤系列可对标澳洲进口啤酒大麦,西北产区的中啤麦1号和北方产区的蒙啤3号麦芽品质与北美进口啤酒大麦为同一类型;国外进口啤酒大麦麦芽品质性状较中国啤酒大麦主要表现为β-葡聚糖含量低,浸出率高;在国内种植的国外引进啤酒大麦较在原产区种植时,糖化力、库值和β-葡聚糖含量均受到影响,但北美产区的大部分品种较适应中国种植条件,麦芽品质性状较原产区未出现明显变化;麦芽品质的糖化力和浸出率指标与籽粒蛋白质含量和总淀粉含量以及支链淀粉含量显著相关,鉴于籽粒品质和麦芽品质性状相关性以及籽粒品质性状测定的易操作性,籽粒蛋白质含量和总淀粉含量可以作为啤酒大麦育种的初筛性状。本研究为国内不同产区内啤酒大麦的培育改良提供了品种参考和改良方向,对提高国内啤酒大麦的生产利用效率具有参考价值。

Variations in environmental conditions across different barley-producing regions and the selection targets for barley breeding have led to divergence of the brewing quality in different varieties.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the brewing quality,including grain and malt quality traits,for 44 barley varieties that were bred from North America,Europe,and Australia,along with commonly grown barley varieties in China.This research has found that,the major varieties in various domestic regions have their malt quality comparable to foreign varieties differentially.For instance,the variety Longpimai 14 and Longpimai 18 from Northeast China are comparable to the imported European malting varieties.The Supi series from South region and the Ganpi series from Northwest China are comparable to the imported Australian malting varieties. The variety Zhongpimai 1 and Mengpi 3 from North China are comparable to the imported North American varieties. Compared with Chinese malting barley, the foreign varieties are mainly with lower content of β-glucan and higher of the extract. Moreover, the imported malting barley that grown in China showed their quality characters different from those grown in the original areas, as the malt diastatic power, kolbach index and β-glucan content can be affected significantly by the environment. However, most varieties from North American showed better adaptability to the growing conditions in China, without significant change on the malt quality characters in comparing with those grown at their original regions. The malt quality characters, including diastatic power and extract yield, are significantly correlated with the contents of protein, starch, and amylopectin in the grain. Given the measurement of grain quality characters are easier to handle, the grain protein, starch, and amylopectin contents can serve as initial targets for malting barley breeding. This study provided reference of malting barley varieties and guidance for the future selections of malting barley breeding in different domestic regions. It has significant meaning in improving the breeding efficiency and production of domestic malting barley.