基于电池固废的阻燃聚氨酯复合材料性能

Properties of flame retardant polyurethane composites based on battery solid waste

本研究通过高温煅烧和碱液浸出处理废旧锂电池正极材料(NCM),并将其与焦磷酸哌嗪(PAPP)结合,通过熔融共混技术制备了阻燃热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料;采用万能试验机、热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、锥量热法(CCT)等方法评估了复合材料的性能。结果表明:NCM的加入能改善TPU复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能,LOI从22.5%提升至27.6%(体积分数),UL-94达到V-0级。锥量热测试显示:添加NCM和PAPP后,复合材料的释热速率(PHRR)、总释放热(THR)相对于纯样分别降低了71.1%与21.9%,防火安全性能显著提升。炭渣分析表明:NCM和PAPP复配有助于形成致密的石墨化炭层,增强复合材料的耐火性。

The cathode materials of spent lithium batteries were treated by high temperature calcination and alkali leaching to obtain lithium nickel cobalt manganate(NCM),which was combined with piperazine pyrophosphate(PAPP).The flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composites were prepared by melt blending technology.The properties of the composites were evaluated by universal testing machine,thermogravimetric analysis(TG),limiting oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion(UL-94),cone calorimetry(CCT)and other methods.The results show that the addition of NCM improves the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the TPU composites.The LOI increases from 22.5%to 27.6%(volume fraction),and UL-94 reaches V-0 level.The cone calorimeter test show that,after adding NCM and PAPP,the heat release rate(PHRR)and total heat release(THR)of the composite are reduced by 71.1%and 21.9%,respectively,compared with the pure sample,and the fire safety performance is significantly improved.The analysis results of carbon residue show that the compounding of NCM and PAPP helps to form a dense graphitized carbon layer and enhanced the fire resistance.The study provides theoretical support for the resource utilization of waste lithium battery cathode materials and the development of high-performance composites.