退役锂离子电池正极材料直接回收技术研究进展

Progress of direct regeneration of failed cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries

随着新能源汽车行业的蓬勃发展,动力电池的大规模报废已经成为环境领域面临的重大挑战。直接回收技术作为退役锂离子电池再生利用的新思路,能够在不破坏正极材料晶体结构的前提下,高效修复材料组分与物化性能,具有广阔的应用前景。本文以锂离子电池正极材料(钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂)在循环充放电过程中活性锂流失、晶体结构受损等现象为出发点,系统总结了当前退役正极材料直接回收的主要方法,包括固相法、共晶熔盐法、水热法、电化学法等,同时对上述修复方法所解决的问题及其局限性进行了深入讨论和总结,对退役锂离子正极材料的直接回收技术的发展进行了展望。

With the vigorous development of the new energy vehicle industry,the large-scale retiring of batteries has become a major challenge in the environmental-protection field.As a new perspective for retired lithium-ion battery recycling,direct regeneration can efficiently repair material’s compositional and physicochemical properties without damaging the crystal structure of cathode materials,and has broad application prospects.In this paper,the active lithium loss and crystal structure damage of cathode materials(Lithium cobalt oxide,lithium iron phosphate,lithium manganate,Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide)in the cyclic charging and discharging process of lithium ion batteries were taken as the starting point,and the main methods of direct regeneration of retired cathode materials were systematically summarized,including solid phase method,eutectic molten salt method,hydrothermal method,electrochemical method,etc.And the development of direct regeneration methods was prospected.