“合理”与“合情”:中国情理主义道德哲学传统的实践逻辑

Rationality and Reasonableness:The Practical Logic of the Traditional Moral Philosophy of Chinese Qing-Li

基于中国情理主义道德哲学传统情理融通的精神逻辑,道德实践要获得着眼于解决实际伦理问题的功效性,其本质展现为“合理”与“合情”的辩证统一:“合理”能够通过发挥伦之“理”的价值引导作用,使“情”克服自身的自发性和盲目性而成为向善之情,为道德实践提供源源不断的精神动力;“合情”则能使道德实践扬弃伦之“理”的抽象性和教条化,使“合理”能够在现实的伦理情境中获得实质性的内涵。基于“合理”与“合情”的实践逻辑及其辩证统一关系,二者共同开启了中国情理主义道德哲学传统中“修己”与构建“人伦和谐”的实践智慧。同时,这两种实践智慧又透过具体的实践活动形成相互贯通的整体性:“修己”的德性能力展现为激发人性的创造力和超越性,为构建“人伦和谐”提供主体条件;而“人伦和谐”则为“修己”提供安身立命之所,是“修己”在“齐家”“治国”“平天下”等道德实践中的外化超越。

Based on the spirit logic of integration of Qing-Li in the traditional moral philosophy of Chinese Qing-Li,the practical effectiveness of moral practice in solving actual ethical problems lay in the dialectical unity of“rationality”and“reasonableness”:“Rationality”can guide the value of“Li”to overcome the spontaneity and blindness of“Qing”and become a virtuous emotion,provi⁃ding endless spiritual power for moral practice;“Reasonableness”can transcend the abstractness and dogmatism of“Li”and make“rationality”have substantive content in specific ethical situations.Based on the practical logic of“rationality”and“reasonableness”and their dialectical unity,the two together opened up the practice wisdom of“self-cultivation”and“building ethical harmony”in China’s rationalist moral philosophy tradition.Simultaneously,these two kinds of practice wisdom were interconnected through specific practical activities to form a holistic wholeness:the moral capacity of“self-cultivation”was manifested as the ability to stimulate human creativity and transcendence,providing the subject conditions for building“ethical harmony”;while“ethical harmony”provided a place for“self-cultivation”to stand firm and live,being the external transcendence of“self-cultivation”in“regulating the family”,“governing the country”,and“pacifying the world”.