空间书写:赵树理《刘二和与王继圣》的乡村秩序想象

Spatial Writing:The Imagination of Rural Order in Zhao Shuli’s Novel Liu Erhe and Wang Jisheng

赵树理在小说《刘二和与王继圣》中通过对三个乡村空间的聚焦,呈现了中华人民共和国成立前农村问题的复杂现实:“三角坪”的童稚游戏影射了成人世界的不平等关系;关帝庙的“说理”揭露了村级政治体系存在的弊端;合作社的“翻身”指向了改革不彻底而形成的利益不均等分享。赵树理在对三个空间书写的同时,又将寻找“农民”自主、自觉的政治可能性作为变革力量孕育融入其中。赵树理关于乡村秩序的文学想象与过渡时期的乡村历史现实产生了割裂,但他没有采取简单的处理方式去解决,而是终止了故事的发展,因而《刘二和与王继圣》呈现出一种“未完成”的状态。这种“未竟”之态非但没有成为桎梏,反而催生了赵树理的思想“缠斗”,促使他投身于社会现实的实践中,同时也推动了赵树理在创作思想上的一次飞跃。

Zhao Shuli’s novel Liu Erhe and Wang Jisheng presents the complex reality of rural issues before the founding of the People’s Republic of China by focusing on three rural spaces:the childish games in the“Triangular Ping”alluding to the unequal relationships in the adult world;the“reasoning”in the Guandi Temple exposing the shortcomings of the village political system;and the“turning over”of the co-operative pointing to the unequal sharing of benefits resulting from the incomplete reforms.While Zhao Shuli was crafting his narrative across three distinct spaces,he subtly wove within it the quest for the autonomous and self-aware political potentiality of the peasantry,nurturing it as a transformative force.His literary vision of rural order diverged from the historical realities of the countryside during the transitional period,yet he refrained from adopting simplistic solutions and terminated the development of the story instead.So Liu Erhe and Wang Jisheng presents an“unfinished”state,which,far from becoming a shackle,gave rise to Zhao Shuli’s ideological grapple,prompting him to immerse himself in the practice of historical reality.At the same time,it also promoted a leap in the novelist’s creative thinking.