海南岛三亚红塘湾海域波浪特征

Wave Characteristics in Hongtang Bay of Sanya,Hainan Island

【目的】了解海南岛三亚市红塘湾海域波浪基本特征,揭示海南南部海域不同季节波浪变化规律。【方法】利用2021年5月1日至2022年4月30日的波浪资料进行相关分析和波谱分析,得到红塘湾海域季风影响和台风期间的波浪要素分布特征。【结果与结论】该海域浪向主要受到风浪影响,各月份常浪向为SE或SSE,年最大波高427 cm,年平均有效波高65 cm,波周期主要集中在3.0~6.0 s区间,观测海区出现长周期波和较大波高的波浪;春季观测海域波浪易受偏南风影响,夏季观测海域受西南季风作用明显,易形成南向大浪,秋冬季波高逐渐变小;台风期间观测海域的波向为S―W,台风“雷伊”影响期间的波浪谱能量最大,达到19.7530 m^(2)/Hz。海南岛南部红塘湾海域夏季平均波高大于冬季,冬季波浪谱主要是多峰谱,夏季则主要是单峰谱。可见,海南岛南部红塘湾海波浪特征具有典型局地性特征。

【Objective】To understand the basic characteristics of waves in Hongtang Bay of Sanya City,Hainan Island,and to reveal the seasonal wave variation patterns in the southern waters of Hainan.【Method】Using wave data from May 1,2021 to April 30,2022,correlation analysis and spectral analysis were conducted to obtain the distribution characteristics of wave elements during the monsoon influence and typhoon period in Hongtang Bay.【Result and Conclusion】The wave direction in this sea area is mainly affected by wind and waves,with the usual wave direction being SE or SSE in each month.The annual maximum wave height is 427 cm,and the annual average effective wave height is 65 cm.The wave period is mainly concentrated in the range of 3.0 to 6.0 s.Long period waves and waves with larger wave heights appear in the observed sea area;In spring,waves in the observed sea area are easily affected by southerly winds,while in summer,the observed sea area is significantly affected by the southwest monsoon,which can easily create southward waves.The wave height gradually decreases in autumn and winter;the wave direction observed in the sea area during typhoon period is S-W,and the wave spectrum energy during the influence of Typhoon Rai is the highest,reaching 19.7530 m^(2)/Hz.The average wave height in Hongtang Bay of southern Hainan Island is higher in summer than in winter.The wave spectrum in winter is mainly multimodal,while in summer it is mainly unimodal.Therefore,the wave characteristics of Hongtang Bay in the southern part of Hainan Island have typical local features.