校园绿地环境因素与鸟类多样性的关系——以南京工业大学为例

Relationship Between Campus Green Space Environmental Factors and Bird Diversity-A Case Study of Nanjing Tech University

大学校园是城市鸟类重要栖息地,探究其环境因素与鸟类多样性之间的关系,对于提升其生态服务功能有重要意义。以南京工业大学江浦校区校园绿地为研究对象,采用样点法和样线法对24块样地进行野外调查和数据收集,对生境因子、干扰因素与鸟类多样性的关系进行了差异和相关性分析。结果表明,小尺度生境中植物多样性、植物垂直结构与鸟类多样性呈正相关(相关系数为0.609、0.455,P<0.05)且占主导作用,生境面积、植物多样性与鸟类多度呈正相关(相关系数为0.409、0.476,P<0.05),建筑结构与人类活动也对鸟类分布有一定影响。在此基础上,进一步讨论了不同习性鸟种、鸟类集团的空间分布与动态变化,以及鸟类对生境特征与人类活动干扰因素的耐受与适应,可为提高校园绿地生境鸟类多样性提供参考。

University campus is an important habitat for urban birds,and it is important to explore the relationship between environmental factors and bird diversity in it to enhance its ecological service function.Taking the green space of Jiangpu Campus of Nanjing Tech University as the research object,we used the sample point method and the transect method to conduct field surveys and data collection on 24 sample plots,and conducted a differential analysis on the relationship between habitat factors,interference factors and bird diversity.The results showed that the bird diversity was positively correlated with plant diversity,plant vertical structure in small-scale habitats with the correlation coeffciencets 0.609,0.455,P<0.05,and the correlation was dominant.The abundance of birds was positively correlated with habitat area and plant diversity with correlation coefficients of 0.409,0.476,P<0.05.Building structures and human activities also had some influences on bird distribution.Based on the results above mentioned,we further discussed the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of different bird species and bird groups,as well as the tolerance and adaptation to habitat characteristics and disturbance factors caused by human activities,in order to provide references and suggestions for improving the diversity of birds in campus green space habitats.