构词成分“-■(-■)”的来源及其语义语用功能的形成发展

The Origin and Semantic-Pragmatic Development of the Word-Formation Elementt“-■(-■)”

构词成分的来源及其语义语用功能的研究是蒙古语词法研究领域中的一个重要研究课题。现代蒙古语构词成分特别丰富,这些构词成分是长期历史演变过程中形成的。本文通过全面系统地分析构词成分“-■(-■)”的形式、语义语用功能,并认为构词成分“-■(-■)”来源于古蒙古语的单辅音构词成分“-■(-■)”。随着语言的发展,因词语的音节化需要,单音节辅音构词成分“-■(-■)”便演变为“-■(-■)·-■(-■)·-■(-■)”等形式,后来增加了元音,使其音节化,就产生了单音节构词成分。构词成分“-■(-■)”连接不同的词根后,不仅能够构成多种语的名词,它的主要功能大于创造名词,而且还创造少量形容词、代词、数词和副词。通过研究发现早期产生的构词成分形式上简单,其语义语用功能广泛,连接在各种词根后面,创造多样性词语,后期产生的构词成分形式上复杂,但是语义语用功能单一化,连接在单一词性词根后面,创造单词性词语。

The study of the origin and semantic-pragmatic functions of word-formation elements is a significant topic in the field of Mongolian morphology research.Modern Mongolian features a rich array of such elements,which have evolved over a long historical period.This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the form,semantics,and pragmatic functions of the word-formation element.It argues that“-■(-■)”originates from the single-consonant word-formation elements“-■(-■)”in old Mongolian.Over time,due to the need for syllabification in words,“-■(-■)”transformed into forms like“-■(-■)·-■(-■)·-■(-■)”which later incorporated vowels to become syllabified,resulting in multisyllabic word-formation elements.When“-■(-■)”is attached to various word roots,it not only forms diverse nouns but also occasionally creates adjectives,pronouns,numerals,and adverbs.The study reveals that earlier word-formation elements were simpler in form but had broader semanticpragmatic functions,generating a wide variety of words across different roots.In contrast,later elements became more complex in form and the semantic and pragmatic functions become simplified,attaching to a single part-of-speech root to create words with a single lexical category.