蒙古民间流传的李存孝故事研究

On the Folk Tales of Li Cunxiao Spread among Mongolians

与后唐名将李存孝有关的故事,在中原地区通过民间传说、通俗文学、平话、杂剧等诸多形式广泛流传。以往学者们依据李存孝有关的杂剧、民间传说、演义小说撰写了诸多学术论文。然而,针对蒙古族民间流传的李存孝故事的系统搜集整理研究起步较晚。李存孝故事在蒙古族民间流传的主要途径有口头传播和书面传播。口头传播形式有民间故事、胡仁乌力格尔,书面传播形式有文献记载、本子故事。喇嘛、书生、说书艺人、民间故事家等人物为该故事在蒙古族民间流传过程中做出了重要贡献。李存孝故事在蒙古族民间流传过程中,融合蒙古族文化形成具有蒙古族特色的“李存孝故事”,即李存孝的名字改为哈拉夫,故事地点为喀喇沁地区等。还有在固有的李存孝被五牛挣死的故事情节改编为被五十牛挣死或者七十牛挣死。此外,喇嘛们将“目连救母”故事情节挪用到李存孝故事情节中,并在其中掺杂了浓厚的佛教色彩,旨在传授佛教中因果报应等观念。

The stories of the late Tang general Li Cunxiao have been widely disseminated in Han regions through folk legends,popular literature,oral storytelling,and traditional operas.Han scholars have published numerous studies based on these narratives.However,systematic research on the Mongolian versions of these tales began relatively late.Among the Mongolian people,Li Cunxiao's stories are transmitted orally through folk narratives and Hurin Uliger as well as in written forms such as documented texts and booklets.Mongolian lamas,scholars,storytellers,and folk artists have played crucial roles in this dissemination.As the tales spread among the Mongolian people,they were adapted into a version unique to Mongolian culture,with Li Cunxiao being renamed Kharhu and the setting shifting to regions like Kharchin.Furthermore,the narrative of Li Cunxiao being pulled apart by five oxen was adapted to feature fifty or seventy oxen.The story also incorporated elements from the Buddhist tale Mulian Rescues His Mother,imbuing it with Buddhist concepts like karma and moral retribution.