高中生科学解释能力测评工具的开发及应用

Development and Application of Assessment Tool for High School Students’Scientific Explanation Ability

科学解释能力是一种运用规律、理论和相关信息开展科学推理,阐释事物或现象产生原因及其内在逻辑的科学实践能力,是科学教育质量监测的重要目标之一。通过文献综述、内容分析遴选指标要素,采用德尔菲法修正指标体系,经过层次分析法确定权重,建构而成的高中生科学解释能力测评指标体系包括认知加工、展示沟通、实践创新三个一级指标和九个二级指标及其观测表现,高中生科学解释能力被划分为描述、理解、阐释、统整、创新五个等级。通过规模化测评发现,高中生展示沟通能力的体现最明显,教师教学与学校支持的直接效果值最大。为提升高中生的科学解释能力,可采用聚焦概念教学、强化单元学习、发展批判思维、开展实践活动等方式。

Scientific explanation ability is scientific practical ability to use law,theory and related information to carry out scientific reasoning and explain the cause and internal logic of things or phenomena,which is one of the important objectives of quality monitoring of science education.Using literature review and content analysis to select index elements,revising index system with Delphi method,and determining weight with analytic hierarchy process,researchers construct assessment index system of high school students'scientific explanation ability which includes three first-level indexes,namely cognitive processing,display communication and practical innovation,and nine second-level indexes and assessment performance,and the ability is divided into five levels:description,understanding,explanation,integration and innovation.Through large-scale assessment,it is found that high school students'ability to demonstrate communication is the most obvious and teachers'teaching and school support have the greatest direct effect.Based on this,it is suggested to improve the ability by focusing on concept teaching,strengthening unit learning,developing critical thinking and carrying out practical activities.