中国进口的跨国创新溢出:基于技术创新网络的新视角

Cross-Border Innovation Spillovers in China's Imports:A New Perspective Based on Technological Innovation Networks

进口的跨国创新溢出是高水平对外开放促进创新驱动发展的重要路径。本文将技术创新网络的分析视角和方法引入对进口作为技术跨国流动的载体和渠道的刻画,构建了一个专利技术领域层面包含进口规模、进口来源地技术水平以及技术领域间的知识投入-产出关系3个要素的“进口内含的中间技术”变量,从而以技术领域为基本分析单位为中国进口的跨国创新溢出提供了一个更深层次和更新视角的考察。研究表明,“进口内含的中间技术”显著提升了中国的技术创新表现,并且显著促进了中国专利的跨国后向引用,这从技术跨国流动与吸收的角度验证了“进口内含的中间技术”对中国技术创新的影响路径。本文研究为国际贸易的技术溢出效应贡献了来自中国的新发现和新证据。

Cross-border innovation spillovers in imports represent a crucial avenue for promoting innovation-led development through high-level openness to the outside world.This paper presents the analytical perspective and methodology of technological innovation networks with the aim of describing imports as carriers and channels of cross-border technological flows.It constructs a variable called"intermediate technology embedded in imports"at the patent technological field level,which encompasses three elements:the scale of imports,the technological level of the importing countries and the knowledge input-output relationships between technological fields.Drawing on the technological field as the basic unit of analysis,it provides a deeper and more up-to-date perspective in order to examine the cross-border innovation spillovers through China's imports.The study indicates that the"intermediate technology embedded in imports"significantly enhances China's technological innovation performance.On the other hand,when a technological field imports more"intermediate technology embedded in imports"from a particular trading partner,Chinese patents in that field tend to cite(backward)patents from that country more frequently.This verifies the influence path of"intermediate technology embedded in imports"on China's technological innovation performance at the field level,from a perspective of cross-border technology flows and absorption.The paper also conducts extensive analysis from different points of view,such as technological distance and differences in the characteristics of the technological field.The research brings new findings and evidence from China to the classic themes of technological spillovers in international trade and innovation economics.