儿童支气管肺炎病原学特征分析

Analysis of etiological characteristics of bronchial pneumonia in children

目的探讨钦州地区儿童支气管肺炎的呼吸道病原体的临床特征。方法选取2022年7月至2023年6月在我院就诊的支气管肺炎患儿5605例,入院后采集咽拭子,采用RT-PCR扩增技术联合毛细管电泳进行病原体检测,了解5605例支气管肺炎患儿的病原学特征。结果5605例支气管肺炎患儿中,13种吸道病原体总阳性率为55.63%,大部分为单一病原体感染,以HRV病毒阳性检出率最高13.54%,其次为HRSV病毒10.45%,≥2种病毒感染阳性率为10.24%,以HRV合并HRSV混合感染为主。HRV病毒在男性患儿中的检出率明显高于女性患儿,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.709,P<0.05)。HPIV、HRSV在0~3岁患儿中阳性检出率明显高于其他年龄段患儿,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),MP、HMPV在≥3~14岁患儿中高发。春、夏季就诊患儿HRSV、InfA 09H1阳性检出率与其他季节比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄、不同季节中病原体的检出率均具有差异性,HMPV、MP阳性检出率随着年龄增长而增长。呼吸道感染就诊患儿中主要以支气管肺炎诊断为主。结论钦州地区儿童支气管肺炎与13种呼吸道病原体感染相关,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children with bronchial pneumonia in Qinzhou area.Methods A total of 5605 children with bronchopneumonia who were treated in our hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected.Throat swabs were collected after admission.Pathogens were detected by RT-PCR amplification combined with capillary electrophoresis to understand the etiological characteristics of 5605 children with bronchopneumonia.Results Among 5605 children with bronchopneumonia,the total positive rate of 13 respiratory pathogens was 55.63%,most of them were single pathogen infection.The positive rate of HRV virus was the highest 13.54%,followed by HRSV virus 10.45%,and the positive rate of≥2 virus infection was 10.24%,mainly HRV combined with HRSV mixed infection.The detection rate of HRV virus in male children was significantly higher than that in female children,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.709,P<0.05).The positive detection rates of HPIV and HRSV in children aged 0~3 years were significantly higher than those in other age groups(P<0.05).MP and HMPV were high in children aged≥3~14 years.The positive detection rates of HRSV and InfA 09H1 in children in spring and summer were significantly different from those in other seasons(P<0.05).The detection rates of pathogens in different ages and seasons were different.The positive detection rates of HMPV,MP increased with age.The diagnosis of bronchial pneumonia was the main diagnosis in children with respiratory tract infection.Conclusion Bronchial pneumonia in children in Qinzhou area is related to 13 kinds of respiratory pathogens,provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.