2014-2022年荆州市学生肺结核流行病特征

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students in Jingzhou City from 2014 to 2022

目的分析2014-2022年荆州市学校结核病流行及发展情况,研究新冠疫情的影响,为学校结核病防控政策提供参考。方法通过中国疾病预防控制中心结核病信息管理系统,收集2014-2022年荆州市学生肺结核患者资料。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据的整理和分析。描述近九年学生肺结核性别、年龄分布特点及发病率变化,采用χ^(2)检验分析变化趋势,分析流行病学特征。结果2014-2022年共报告学生肺结核1379人,其中男生843人,女生536人,男女比例为1.57∶1。2022年荆州市学生肺结核报告发病率为10.37/10万,较2014年报告发病率24.01/10万有下降,整体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=76.429,P<0.001),2022年荆州市学生病原学阳性肺结核报告发病率6.38/10万,较2014年报告发病率4.92/10万有上升,整体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势=108.819,P<0.001),较2019年报告发病率12.61/10万有下降。学生肺结核报告发病时间,2020年报告发病率高峰在6月,其余年度发病率高峰在3月,低峰在2月。近九年来除洪湖外,各县市学生活动性肺结核报告发病率均有下降,具有统计学意义。结论荆州市学生肺结核报告发病数总体呈下降趋势,仍需继续严格规范新生入学体检。严格的管控措施,能更好地保障学校师生健康,避免公共卫生事件的发生。卫生健康和教育部门应加强联防联控机制,继续加强学校结核病筛查工作。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and development of tuberculosis(TB)at school in Jingzhou City from 2014 to 2022,and to study the impact of COVID-19 during the epidemic period,so as to provide reference for TB prevention and control policies at school.Methods The data of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Jingzhou City from 2014 to 2022 were collected through the tuberculosis information management system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.SPSS 23.0 software was used for data organization and analysis.It summarized the distribution characteristics of sex and age and the change of incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students during the past 9 years,and analyzed the trend of change and epidemiological characteristics by2-test.Results A total of 1379 students with tuberculosis were reported from 2014 to 2022,including 843 boys and 536 girls,with a male to female ratio of 1.57∶1.The reported incidence of tuberculosis among Jingzhou students in 2022 was 10.37/100,000,which was lower than the 24.01/100,000 reported in 2014,showing a downward trend as a whole(χ^(2) trend=76.429,P<0.001).The reported incidence of etiological positive tuberculosis among Jingzhou students in 2022 was 6.38/100,000.Compared with the incidence of 4.92/100,000 reported in 2014,the incidence showed an overall upward trend(χ^(2) trend=108.819,P<0.001),and decrease trend compared with the incidence of 12.61/100,000 reported in 2019.The reported incidence time of tuberculosis in students in 2020 reached its peak in June,while the incidence peak in other years was in March and the low peak was in February.In recent nine years,except Honghu,the reported incidence of active tuberculosis in students of all counties and cities had decreased,which showed statistical significance.Conclusion The number of reported cases of tuberculosis among students in Jingzhou City showed a decreasing trend,and it is still necessary to continue to strictly standardize the physical examination at thefreshman enrollment.Strict control measures can better protect the health of teachers and students at school and avoid the occurrence of public health incidents.The health and education departments should strengthen the joint prevention and control mechanism and continue to strengthen the screening of tuberculosis at school.