考虑破坏程度的流域水资源优化配置模型及应用

Optimal allocation model of water resources in watershed considering damage degree and its application

流域水资源系统内往往需水类型多样、供需联系复杂,如何协调不同需水类型之间的竞争关系是模型建立过程中亟待解决的一大难点。若采用传统的仅考虑调度期内总缺水量最小这一目标函数,得到的最优解往往存在个别时段少水甚至无水现象,限制了水资源优化配置模型的实际应用效果。基于此,首先采用破坏深度阈值对不同类型用水在不同缺水条件下的破坏程度进行分类,并借助惩罚系数建立水资源配置系统整体破坏深度最小的目标函数,进而与约束条件共同构成水资源优化配置模型。在南盘江流域的实际应用证明模型充分协调了不同用水类型间所存在的竞争关系,有效解决了在个别时段出现的少水甚至无水现象,为实现流域内水资源合理配置提供了新方法和新思路。

The types of water demand of water resources system in a basin are often diverse,and the relationships between supply and demand are complex.How to coordinate the competitions between different water demand types is a major difficulty to be solved in the process of model establishment.Moreover,using the traditional objective function of only considering the minimum total water shortage in dispatching periods,the optimal solution obtained often has the phenomenon of less water or even no water in individual periods,which limits the practical application effect of the optimal allocation model of water resources.Based on this background,this study first uses the damage depth threshold to classify the damage degree of different types of water demand under different water shortage conditions,and establishes the objective function of the minimum damage depth of the overall water resources allocation system in the form of penalty coefficient,and then constitutes the optimal allocation model of water resources together with the constraints.The practical application in the Nanpan River basin proves that this model fully coordinates the competitive relationship between different water demand sectors,effectively solves the phenomenon of less water or even no water in individual periods,and provides a new method and a new idea for realizing the rational allocation of water resources in the basin.