三沙湾多介质环境重金属生态风险及生物累积研究

Research on the Ecological Risk and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Multimedia Environment in Sansha Bay

2020—2022年在三沙湾,采集了11个站位的贝类、沉积物样品,以及14个站位的表层海水样品,利用原子荧光分光光度计、原子吸收分光光度计和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,测定生物体、沉积物和海水中重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni等的含量。研究结果表明:1)三沙湾海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni的平均质量浓度分别为0.48、0.87、27.11、0.22、0.15、0.03、1.93μg/L,符合渔业水质标准;海水中重金属综合潜在生态风险指数(ERI)为1.33~3.66,处于轻微潜在生态风险等级。2)沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的平均质量比分别为24.75、42.41、115.89、0.11、65.50、0.055、9.45 mg/kg,大部分站位的重金属含量符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。3)生物体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的平均质量比分别为41.20、0.42、170.80、0.26、0.64、0.015、0.50 mg/kg。其中,4个缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)调查站位的重金属生物-沉积物累积指数(BSAF)均小于1,表明7种重金属在缢蛏体内均无明显累积;7个福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)调查站位中Cu、Zn和Cd的生物累积指数范围分别为1.35~8.92、0.44~6.38和2.35~6.25,表明这3种重金属在福建牡蛎体内均有一定程度的累积。

This study collected shellfish,sediment,and surface seawater samples from 11 sites and 14 sites,respectively,in Sansha Bay from 2020 to 2022.The content of heavy metal elements(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Co,Ni,etc.)in organisms,sediments and seawater was determined using atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,atomic absorption spectrophotometer,and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).The results indicate that the average concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Co and Ni in the seawater of Sansha Bay were 0.48,0.87,27.11,0.22,0.15,0.03 and 1.93μg/L,respectively,the comprehensive potential ecological risk index(ERI)for different stations ranges from 1.33 to 3.66,all of which were at a mild potential ecological risk level.The average contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in sediment were 24.75,42.41,115.89,0.11,65.50,0.055 and 9.45 mg/kg,respectively.The heavy metal content of most stations meets the quality standards for Class I marine sediments.The average contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in shellfish were 41.20,0.42,170.80,0.26,0.64,0.015 and 0.50 mg/kg,respectively.The values of bio-sediment accumulation index of 7 heavy metals in the four stations of Sinonovacula constricta were all less than 1,indicating that S.constricta had no accumulation of these seven heavy metals.The values of bio-sediment accumulation index of Cu,Zn and Cd were 1.35-8.92,0.44-6.38 and 2.35-6.25,indicating that Crassostrea angulata showed a certain degree of accumulation of Cu,Zn and Cd.These findings not only provide base data for identifying the potential risks of aquaculture environments,but also the scientific basis for ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products and the green,high-quality development of the aquaculture industry in Sansha Bay.