约翰·金塞拉生态写作中的反“田园”观

An Analysis of John Kinsella's Ecological Writing and His Anti-pastoral Philosophy

约翰·金塞拉是一位享誉国际的澳大利亚诗人、作家、批评家、教授。他的作品以澳大利亚西部的小麦带为背景,以生态为切入点,揭露人类在以自己的意志进行环境改造的同时又对环境造成的严重破坏。文章通过“环境”“我们”和“我们的环境”三个维度阐释了金塞拉作品的田园生态思想,展现一个诗人对人类生存的深切关注与忧患意识。环境是金塞拉几乎所有生态诗作的主题,其所传递的深层含义绝不是地方性的,而是人类普遍的共性问题,而“我们”对环境不断索取的态度和我们的生活方式则是环境灾难的致因。这一结果本质上是“我们”错误地把自己作为“环境”评判的标准。因此,只有把生态系统的整体利益作为根本前提和最高价值,人类才有可能真正有效地消除生态危机。

John Kinsella,a globally celebrated poet,author,critic,and professor from Australia,is distinguished by his literary works that emphasize the wheat belt of Western Australia with a focus on ecological themes.These works critically explore the profound environmental damage inflicted by human attempts to modify their surroundings to suit their own needs.This paper explores Kinsella's pastoral ecological philosophy through the lenses of"environment""humanity"and"humanity-environment",highlighting the poet's intense involvement with and concern for the existential challenges facing humans.The concept of"environment"constitutes the central theme of nearly all of Kinsella's ecological poetry,with its deep-seated implications extending far beyond local concerns to address universal issues that affect all of humanity,while the"humanity"in his poetry is the exploitative actor towards the environment,our behavior and our lifestyle being the causes of the ecological calamities.At the heart of this predicament is the flawed premise of mankind seeing themselves as the yardstick to evaluate the"environment".It is only by prioritizing the overall benefit of the ecosystem as the core principle and supreme value that humanity can hope to genuinely and effectively mitigate the ecological crises.