The dynamics of PEG-coated nanoparticles in concentrated protein solutions up to the molecular crowding range

Polymer-coated nanoparticles are widely studied in the context of nanomedicine and it is therefore of utmost importance to understand not only how their struc-ture but also how their colloidal dynamics are affected by physiologically relevant conditions.A characteristic feature of the cytosol of cells is the very high concen-tration of proteins among other matrix components,often termed macromolecular crowding.Here,the structure and colloidal dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-coated gold nanoparticles in the presence of bovine serum albumin(BSA)concentrations ranging from 0 to 265 mg/mL are studied with X-ray photon correla-tion spectroscopy.For protein–nanoparticle mixtures with high BSA concentrations,comparable to intracellular levels,a significant deviation of the apparent viscosity from expectations for pure BSA solutions is found.Thefindings strongly indicate that the nanoscopic viscous properties of the dense protein solutions are significantly affected by the nanoparticles.At these high concentrations,the colloidal stability of the samples depends on the molecular weight of the coating PEG–ligand,whereas at lower concentrations no differences are observed.