Advances in anode interfacial materials for organic solar cells

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted much interest in the past few decades because of their advantages,such as being lightweight,low cost,simple preparation process,and environmental friendliness.While researchers have made significant progress on the active layer materials of OSCs,the interface engineering is another entry point for upgrading the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.Significantly,the interface modification materials,including anode interfacial materials and cathode interfacial materials,are two essential parts of interfacial layers for OSCs,in which the excellent interfacial materials can realize the very high-performance photovoltaic cells.Among these interfacial materials,the anode interfacial layers(AILs)play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance.This review expresses a detailed conclusion of the development of anode interfacial materials and an outlook on future trends for OSCs.