部队医院变革型领导对护士工作倦怠的影响和作用机制

The Influence and Mechanism of Transformational Leadership on Nurses'Job Burnout in Military Hospitals

目的了解部队医院变革型领导行为与护士工作倦怠水平之间关系,并探讨信任和领导—成员交换在其中发挥的调节中介作用。方法选取2023年11月—2024年2月新疆地区157名某部队医院护士作为研究对象,三阶段问卷调查其一般资料、变革型领导行为、领导-成员交换、信任领导、工作倦怠水平,应用相关性分析、层次回归模型和Mplus软件进行调节中介模型分析。结果领导-成员交换得分为(3.58±0.63)分,感知变革型领导行为得分为(5.22±0.86)分,信任得分为(5.27±0.96)分,工作倦怠得分为(3.42±0.90)分。变革型领导行为、信任与工作倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.24、-0.28,P均<0.01)。变革型领导行为、领导-成员交换与信任领导呈正相关(r=0.57、0.56,P均<0.01)。变革型领导正向预测信任领导,信任领导负向预测工作倦怠(P均<0.05)。信任领导会中介变革型领导对工作倦怠的负向影响,领导-成员交换调节信任在变革型领导与工作倦怠之间的中介作用(P均<0.05)。结论部队医院变革型领导行为、护士工作倦怠、信任和领导-成员交换处于中等水平;变革型领导行为会通过提升护士信任领导从而降低工作倦怠,且领导-成员交换关系能够调节信任领导在变革型领导与工作倦怠之间的中介作用。

Objective To investigate the relationship between transformational leadership behavior and nurses'job burnout in military hospitals,and explore the mediating role of trust and leader-member exchange.Methods 157 nurses from a military hospital in Xinjiang from November 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects.A three-stage questionnaire was conducted to investigate their general information,transformational leadership behavior,leader-member exchange,trusting leadership and job burnout.The mediation model was analyzed by correlation analysis,hierarchical regression model and Mplus software.Results The score of leader-member exchange was 3.58±0.63,score of perceived transformational leadership behavior was 5.22±0.86,score of trust was 5.27±0.96,and score of job burnout score was 3.42±0.90.Transformational leadership behavior,trust and job burnout were negatively correlated(r=-0.24,-0.28,both P<0.01).Transformational leadership behavior,leader-member exchange and trusting leadership were positively correlated(r=0.57,0.56,both P<0.01).Transformational leadership positively predicted trusting leadership,and trusting leadership negatively predicted job burnout(P<0.05).Trust leadership mediates the negative effect of transformational leadership on job burnout,and leader-member exchange moderates the mediating effect of trust between transformational leadership and job burnout(P<0.05).Conclusion Transformational leadership behavior,nurses'job burnout,trust and leader-member exchange in military hospitals are in the middle level.Trans-formational leadership behavior can reduce job burnout by enhancing nurses'trust in leadership,and leader-member exchange relationship can regulate the mediating role of trust leadership between transformational leadership and job burnout.