刚度模型预测下肢高风险着地的研究进展

Research Progress on Stiffness Model in Predicting High-Risk Landing of Lower Limbs

该研究通过文献回顾与综合分析,探究刚度模型在预测下肢高风险着地过程中的生物力学机制及其可行性。研究发现,下肢刚度可通过运动训练有效调节,并与运动速度和地面接触时间紧密相关。髋、膝、踝关节的刚度变化对运动效率和损伤风险均有影响,具体表现为:髋关节刚度随速度增大可能导致压力分布不均与冲击力过大;膝关节刚度与韧带损伤风险相关,对整体腿刚度和跑步经济性至关重要;踝关节内翻角度与速度则是扭伤的关键因素。目前,模型证实了刚度模型在预测下肢高风险着地的可行性,但仍需改进,以更好地模拟关节非线性行为和复杂力学变化。未来研究方向应致力于发展更精细、更具适应性的模型,结合实验仿真、非线性模型和多因素集成,提供更准确的运动风险预测,为预防运动损伤和运动处方的设计与实施提供科学依据。

In this article,through literature review and comprehensive analysis,the biomechanical mechanism and feasibility of stiffness model in predicting high-risk landing of lower limbs were explored.The research found that the stiffness of the lower limbs can be effectively adjusted by exercise training and is closely related to the movement speed and ground contact time.The stiffness changes of hip,knee and ankle joints have an impact on both exercise efficiency and injury risk.Specifically,the increase of hip stiffness with speed may lead to uneven pressure distribution and excessive impact force;Knee stiffness is associated with the risk of ligament injury and is critical to overall leg stiffness and running economy;The angle and speed of ankle inversion are the key factors of sprain.The current model confirms the feasibility of the stiffness model in predicting the high-risk landing of the lower limbs,but it still needs to be improved to better simulate the nonlinear behavior and complex mechanical changes of the joints.Future research directions should focus on the development of more refined and more adaptive models,combined with experimental simulation,nonlinear models and multi-factor integration,to provide more accurate exercise risk prediction,and provide scientific basis for the design and implementation of sports injury prevention and exercise prescription.