史与诗:史书写作中文学的发生与作用

Shǐand Shī:The Emergence and Role of Literary Elements in Hisorical Writing

史与诗,不是指学科分类上的史学与诗学,而是指人类社会记录活动的两种写作模式。本文不是讨论文学发生于何时,而是讨论史书写作中文学手段的使用和文学因素的形成原因。我们认为,史书实录与文学的修辞、夸饰、想象,是两种不同的反映现实的手段,史书实录反映的是生活表面现实,文学反映的是本质真实。

The terms shǐ史and shī诗here do not refer to the academic disciplines of history and literature,but rather denote two distinct modes of writing used to document social activities.This article,instead of aiming to determine when literary writing first began to take shape,focuses on uncovering the rationale behind the use of specific literary techniques and the development of literary qualities in historical writings.It is argued that the factual recording found in historical records,in contrast to the rhetorical techniques,imagination,and exaggeration employed in literary works,represents two fundamentally different approaches to reality.Specifically,while historical records capture observable facts,literary writing seeks to convey the essence of truth.