以古文作为礼物:计东的赠言古文与清前期士人社会关系的维系

Using Ancient-Style Prose as Gift:Ji Dong’s Ancient-Style Writings and the Way to Maintain the Social Relations among Scholars in the Early Qing Dynasty

以文字作为礼物,建立、维系与强化士人的社会关系,这是古代中国一种重要的文化现象。清顺治、康熙年间,吴江士人计东漫游四方,广交朋友,以赠言古文为礼物,显露鲜明的交友动机,展现得体的修辞技巧,表达深挚的主体情感,由此形成纵横跌宕的古文风貌。计东始终具有“立言”以不朽的自觉意识,着力赋予赠言古文以历史价值、艺术价值、科学价值和纪念价值,使之由礼物成为文物,并以古文的倡导推扬作为维系士人社会的精神纽带,进而参与清前期政治秩序与意识形态秩序的建构。

Using one’s own writing as a gift to establish,maintain and strengthen the social connections among scholars was a cultural phenomenon in pre-modern China.During the reigns of Shunzhi顺治and Kangxi康熙of the Qing dynasty,Ji Dong计东,a scholar from Wujiang吴江,traveled around the country and made many friends.He used ancient-style prose as gift,revealing his motivation for expanding networks,showing appropriate rhetoric skills,and expressing profound emotions,thus forming an unrestrained writing style.Ji Dong was conscious of“being established through words”and worked hard to endow ancient-style writing with historical,artistic,scientific,and commemorative values,turning it from gift into cultural object.He also advocated ancientstyle prose as a spiritual bond to maintain the community of scholars.In so doing he also participated in the construction of ideology and the establishment of political order in the early Qing dynasty.