敦煌悬泉置简文“宛酒擔二”解说

An Interpretation of the Script Yuan Jiu Dan Er in the Xuanquanzhi Bamboo Slips of Dunhuang

汉代丝绸之路史的相关知识包括大宛国“蒲陶酒”的生产和消费。张骞出使带回来的信息以及可能直接的物种引入,影响了汉代社会的饮食生活。据说“蒲陶”在关中汉帝国文化重心地区得以引种,不过,河西简文似未见与“蒲陶”和“蒲陶酒”直接相关的字样。悬泉置汉简有“宛酒擔二”简文。“宛酒”大致可以排除内地酒产地方品牌的可能,大略可以判定为大宛国酒产,而以“蒲陶酒”的可能性尤大。“擔”可能是酒的包装转运方式,也可能是储酒器。“宛酒擔二”简文,为考察“蒲陶酒”自西亚至东亚的丝路行旅,即一种果品和一种酒品的远途传播,提供了认识和说明的新的学术条件。

The relevant knowledge of the history of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty includes the production and consumption of“Putao wine”in the Dayuan大宛Kingdom.The information brought back by Zhang Qian’s张骞mission and the possible direct introduction of species influenced the dietary life of the Han society.It is said that“Putao”was introduced in Guanzhong关中,the cultural center of the Han Empire.However,the Hexi河西scripts does not seem to see the words directly related to“Putao”and“Putao wine”.The Xuanquanzhi悬泉置scripts contains the four characters“Yuan Jiu Dan Er”宛酒擔二.“Yuan Jiu”can generally rule out the possibility of local brands of mainland wine,and can generally be judged to be the wine produced by the Dayuan Kingdom which is very likely to be“Putao wine”.“Dan”may be the packaging and transportation method of wine,or it may be a wine storage device.This article provides a new academic condition for understanding and explaining the Silk Road travel of“Putao Wine”from West Asia to East Asia,that is,the distant spread of a fruit and a wine.