商标侵权和不正当竞争合并审理二元裁判模式的困局破解与机制重构

The Dilemma Resolution and Mechanism Reconstruction of the Dual Adjudication model of Combined Trial of Trademark Infringement and Unfair Competition

实证分析知识产权裁判文书可以发现,“相同文字组合”下的商标侵权和不正当竞争诉讼在损害赔偿的判决上呈现二元化现象:就商标侵权和不正当竞争作出合一的赔偿金额,或者从形式上判决两个赔偿金额。二元化裁决模式背离了民事司法形式逻辑,不利于实现知识产权诉讼的精细化,也不利于实现“类案同判”。产生该现象的主要原因在于审判权和诉权的关系失当,公正和效率的关系失衡,法律规范和市场实践脱节。要破解二元裁判困局,应增设“商业标识侵权纠纷”案由,明确“商业标识侵权之诉”诉讼标的,厘清“商业标识侵权之诉”赔偿金额的确定步骤,促进知识产权诉讼精细化。

An analysis of intellectual property adjudication documents shows that the judgment of damages in trademark infringement and unfair competition lawsuits under the"same word combination"presents a dualistic phenomenon:either a unified compensation amount is made for trademark infringement and unfair competition,or two compensation amounts are judged formally.The dualistic adjudication model deviates from the formal logic of civil justice,which is not conducive to the refinement of intellectual property litigation and the realization of"the same judgment for similar cases".The main reasons for this phenomenon lie in the improper relationship between judicial power and litigation right,the imbalance between fairness and efficiency,and the disconnection between legal norms and market practice.The dilemma of dual adjudication can be solved through the Civil Code by adding a cause of action for"commercial mark infringement disputes",clarifying the subject matter of the"commercial mark infringement lawsuit",clarifying the steps for determining the amount of compensation for the"commercial mark infringement lawsuit",thereby promoting the refinement of intellectual property litigation.