水电机组振动评价和测点布置现行标准对比分析

Comparative analysis of current standards for vibration evaluation and measuring points layout in hydropower units

比对了行业标准和国家标准中关于水电机组振动/摆度的越限评价和测点布置要求,阐述了工程现场振动/摆度测点的布置等,发现评价标准、测点布置标准和工程现场之间出现了振动评价边界条件、评价准则、评价工况、测点布置等不一致或不明确的现象。分析发现:各标准间不统一之处均出现在固定部件的振动评价和测点布置,对机组轴系径向振动(摆度)的规定相对统一;各标准中的不一致现象,不利于标准广谱应用,且容易产生歧义和分歧;评价标准和测点标准不一致的现象,不利于大型或者巨型机组现场全面振动评价;所有标准中评价准则中缺少振幅越限幅度与累计时长权重系数考虑,不利于水电机组新型角色下振动故障及状态检修开展和数据积累。该结论可为水电机组振动标准编制、安装验收、运行管理和科研试验等从业人员提供帮助和参考。

The requirements of over limit evaluation and measuring points layout of vibration/swing in hydropower units in industry standards and national standards are compared.The layout of vibration/swing measurement points on the project site is also described.It is found that the standards related to evaluation and the ones related to measuring points arrangement are inconsistent or unclear with the engineering site,such as vibration evaluation boundary conditions,evaluation criteria,evaluation working conditions and measuring points arrangement.Analysis shows that all the differences between the standards appear in vibration evaluation and measuring points arrangement for fixed parts,and the provisions on radial vibration(swing)of the unit shafting are relatively unified.Inconsistencies in all standards are not conducive to broad-spectrum application,and are prone to ambiguity and disagreement.The phenomenon that the evaluation standard is inconsistent with the measuring points standard,is not conducive to on-site comprehensive vibration evaluation of large or giant units.All the standard evaluation criteria lack the consideration of weight coefficient of amplitude exceeding the limit and cumulative duration,which is not conducive to the development of vibration fault and condition based maintenance,and data accumulation in the new role of hydropower units.The conclusion is expected to provide analytical help and reference for the practitioners of vibration standard compilation,installation and acceptance,operation management and scientific research and test of hydropower units.