国际主流审讯模式之检讨:基于道德维度的考察

A Review of the Main Stream Interrogation Model in International Justice:An Examination Based on Moral Dimensions

审讯的道德问题目前已成为与法律、科学相并列且为各国审讯制度竞相追求的重要价值之一。进一步提升审讯的道德水平亦是我国理论界提出从“硬”审讯走向“软”审讯这一历史性命题的题中应有之义。为此,本文选取了在当今国际社会中得到广泛传播的三个审讯技术流派作为道德检视的对象。研究表明,与以获取供述为导向的审讯技术相比,以信息收集和战略、战术为导向的审讯技术对犯罪嫌疑人权利的侵犯更小,所引发的道德担忧也更少。除此之外,这两个技术派别还在预防虚假供述及其引发的司法误判,确保刑事调查的完整性和预防犯罪嫌疑人翻供,以及改善警察执法形象、塑造警察健全人格、促进司法文明等社会效益方面具有较高的附加价值。因此,合理借鉴、吸收以信息收集和以战略、战术为导向的审讯技术派别中折射的理念、理论与实践做法,必将对我国探索有效且合乎法律、科学与道德的审讯模式具有重要的启迪。

The moral issue of interrogation has become one of the important values pursued by interrogation systems in various countries,alongside law and science.Further improving the moral level of interrogation is also an essential part of the historical proposition proposed by the theoretical community in China to move from“hard”interrogation to“soft”interrogation.For this purpose,selecting three widely spread schools of interrogation techniques in today s international community as the objects of examination.The research shows that compared with the interrogation technology based on obtaining confession,the interrogation technology based on information collection,strategy and tactics has less infringement on the rights of suspect.There are also fewer concerns about the problems caused.In addition,these two sed by them,ensuring the integrity of criminal technical factions also have high added value in preventing false confessions and judicial misjudgments caused by them,ensuring the integrity of criminal investigations and preventing suspect from withdrawing their confessions,as well as improving the image of the police in law enforcement,shaping the sound personality of the police,promoting judicial civilization and other social benefits.Therefore,reasonable reference and absorption of the concepts,theories,and practical practices reflected in the interrogation technology schools guided by information collection and strategy and tactics will undoubtedly have important enlightenment in China,to explore effective and legal,scientific,and ethical interrogation models.